El derecho a la alimentación en el mundo

  Portugal

La Constitución de la República Portuguesa no protege de manera explícita el derecho a una alimentación adecuada.

La República Portuguesa es un Estado Parte del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales desde 1978 por vía de ratificación. El Protocolo facultativo fue ratificado en 2013.

CONSTITUTIONAL RECOGNITIONS OF THE RIGHT TO ADEQUATE FOOD

National status of international obligations

Article 16: (Scope and interpretation of fundamental rights) 

1. The fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution shall not exclude any others set out in applicable international laws and legal rules.

2. The constitutional precepts concerning fundamental rights must be interpreted and completed in harmony with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.”

Other pertinent provisions for the realization of the right to adequate food

Article 9: (Fundamental tasks of the state) 

d) To promote the people’s well-being and quality of life and real equality between the Portuguese, as well as the effective implementation of economic, social, cultural and environmental rights by means of the transformation and modernisation of economic and social structures;[...]” 

 Article 59: (Workers’ rights)  

1. Regardless of age, sex, race, citizenship, place of origin, religion and political and ideological convictions, every worker has the right: 

a) To the remuneration of his work in accordance with its volume, nature and quality, with respect for the principle of equal pay for equal work and in such a way as to guarantee a proper living; [...]

e) To material assistance when he involuntarily finds himself in a situation of unemployment;”

Article 64: (Health)

2. The right to the protection of health shall be fulfilled: 

b) By creating economic, social, cultural and environmental conditions that particularly guarantee the protection of childhood, youth and old age; by systematically improving living and working conditions, and promoting physical fitness and sport at school and among the people; and also by developing the people’s health and hygiene education and healthy living practices.”

Article 81: (Priority duties of the state) 

"In the economic and social field the state is under a priority duty: 

a) Within the overall framework of a sustainable development strategy, to promote an increase in people’s social and economic well-being and quality of life, especially those of the most disadvantaged persons;”

INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) – 1948

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) – 1966

Status: Ratificación (1978)

Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) – 1979

Status: Ratificación (1980)

Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) – 1989

Status: Ratificación (1990)

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) – 2006

Status: Ratificación (2009)

Legislación y políticas que reconocen el derecho a una alimentación adecuada

Las Directrices sobre el derecho a la alimentación, refrendadas por el Comité de Seguridad Alimentaria Mundial y aprobadas por el Consejo de la FAO, brindan orientación para lograr la realización progresiva del derecho a una alimentación adecuada en el contexto de la seguridad alimentaria nacional.

Teniendo en cuenta que se puede implementar el derecho humano a una alimentación adecuada a través de varias acciones legales y políticas, lo invitamos a visitar los Perfiles de país en FAOLEX para acceder a una amplia recopilación de medidas adoptadas a nivel nacional. Entre los varios documentos disponibles, encontrará legislación y políticas que se refieren a algunas Directrices relevantes, como la de Acceso a los recursos y bienes (Directriz 8), Inocuidad de los alimentos y protección del consumidor (Directriz 9), Apoyo a los grupos vulnerables (Directriz 13) y Catástrofes naturales y provocadas por el hombre (Directriz 16).

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