Wildlife and protected area management

Sustainable Wildlife Management (SWM) Programme activities in Congo

Wild meat

The meat of wild species has long served as a source of protein and income for millions of people throughout the world. In less developed regions, it is an essential part of the diet, especially where livestock husbandry and fishing are not feasible options. When there is an unexpected drop in livestock production or during periods of drought, people will turn to wild meat.

There is increasing evidence that unsustainable hunting is a key factor in current wildlife declines. This threatens the integrity of ecosystems, impacts the food security of vulnerable households and threatens global biodiversity. Unsustainable harvesting rates are primarily driven by the increasing demand for wild meat in fast-growing urban centres. Urban dwellers consume wild meat as a luxury, rather than as a nutritional staple, and they pay higher prices than rural consumers do for the same animal. This encourages hunters in rural villages to hunt more animals to sell in order to increase their income.  

FAO's involvement

Sustainable Wildlife Management Programme 

In October 2017, FAO, in collaboration with the Centre for International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry (CIFOR-ICRAF), the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) and the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD), launched the Sustainable Wildlife Management (SWM) Programme. This Programme is funded by the European Union with co-funding from the French Global Environment Facility and the French Development Agency.   

The SWM Programme is developing innovative, collaborative, and scalable new approaches to conserve wild animals and protect ecosystems, while improving the livelihoods of the Indigenous Peoples and rural communities who depend on these resources.

The first phase of the SWM Programme was completed in 2024 and a second phase is being implemented through to 2029 as part of NaturAfrica, the new European Union initiative for biodiversity conservation in Africa.  

For more information, please visit:  https://www.fao.org/swm-programme

Highlights
The legal game meat sector in Zambia: Status, challenges and opportunities
2024

This brochure gives an overview of Zambia’s legal game meat sector, and it is informed by interviews conducted with value chain actors and other sector...

Sustainable Wildlife Management (SWM) Programme Brochure
2023

This brochure aims to give a concise and visual introduction to the Sustainable Wildlife Management (SWM) Programme, the first international initiative...