Integrated production can be used in Mediterranean agricultural environments as a starting point strategy for an agroecological transition. This transition has to address important challenges: recovering deteriorated agrarian soils; improve the quality of irrigation waters; use varieties adapted to Mediterranean atmospheric conditions, especially in terms of adapting to ozone levels and marketing food with low levels of pesticide residues or residues, in an increasingly globalized market. This agroecological transition must inevitably lead to an ecological production, as a model adapted to the basis of a sustainable management of our agrarian systems.