Conservation Agriculture is practised on over 155 million hectares around the world, covering more than one tenth of the global annual cropland surface. The largest and most rapid expansion has been in North and South America, Australia/New Zealand, and some parts of Asia and Africa. Compared to this, the adoption and extension of Conservation Agriculture in Europe has not been so rapid, despite of the considerable amount of damage caused by land degradation, mainly because of agricultural mismanagement. Land degradation affects large areas also on our continent, particularly in the semi-arid regions. The already unsustainable rates of soil erosion are supposed to increase significantly over the next century due to land cover and precipitation changes. Improving conservation agricultural techniques by scientific research and practice and the dissemination of results and experiences are therefore crucial and an important challenge for specialists engaged in sustainable land use around the world.