Six investment-ready clusters – low-emission rice, soil health and erosion control, climate-smart irrigation, agroforestry and perennial crops, livestock nutrient and waste management, and climate-smart horticulture – form the core of this roadmap for agrifood transformation in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Thailand and Viet Nam. Prepared under the Asian Development Bank’s Greater Mekong Subregion Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security Program, the resource responds to converging pressures from climate shocks, soil and water degradation, and increasingly stringent market requirements for traceability and sanitary and phytosanitary compliance.

The proposed approach connects climate-smart agriculture and nature-based solutions with three enabling systems: digital monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) and traceability; natural capital accounting to inform planning and public investment; and financing mechanisms designed to lower adoption barriers for smallholders and micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. The report recognizes different levels of readiness across the four countries, proposing province-based approaches for Cambodia and Lao PDR and stronger compliance- and market-oriented approaches for Thailand and Viet Nam.

For 2026–2030, the roadmap proposes a phased process: establishing common digital and natural-capital baselines, demonstrating integrated packages at scale, and subsequently strengthening regional interoperability. Governments, ADB, regional bodies and private-sector actors are assigned complementary roles in financing, standards, verification and implementation. The proposed benefits are expected outcomes of these investments and enabling systems rather than confirmed impacts of the roadmap itself.