Across the 13 African countries prioritized by the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), the number of chronically undernourished people increased by 58 percent between 2006 and the period assessed in 2026, according to an analysis by the Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa (AFSA). The Green Revolution Has Failed Africa: Twenty Years of Evidence and What Works Instead examines changes in hunger, agricultural production, land use and input use over two decades of policies promoting commercial seeds, synthetic fertilizers and market-oriented production. AFSA reports that fertilizer use more than doubled and cropland expanded by 46 percent, while growth in staple-crop yields slowed compared with the 12 years preceding AGRA.

The analysis highlights differences between countries and production strategies. In Malawi, the strongest yield growth among the countries assessed coincided with a reported 61 percent increase in hunger. Senegal, which was not an AGRA focus country, is presented as a contrasting case: hunger fell by half to below 5 percent, while millet production increased by 85 percent and sorghum by 75 percent. AFSA associates these outcomes with more diversified farming systems and lower dependence on external inputs.

Published as African governments develop agricultural strategies under the Kampala CAADP framework, the report advocates greater support for agroecology. It recommends redirecting part of existing agricultural finance towards farmer-managed seed systems, soil health and diversified production, reaching 33 percent by 2035. It also notes that six African countries have adopted national agroecology laws and five others are developing them.