Located at the head of the Gulf of Guinea on the west coast of Africa, Cameroon covers an area of ​​475,650 km². It stretches 1,840 km from south to north. The Atlantic coastal zone, which extends 360 km, has a continental shelf of 14,000 km². It enjoys an exclusive economic zone of 20,000 km².

Five homogeneous agroecological zones with varied landscapes and climates can be identified, explaining the country's wide variety of agro-forestry and pastoral production. These are:

• The Sudano-Sahelian zone, which covers the North and Far North regions of the country
• The Guinean high savannah zone, characteristic of the Adamawa region and the departments of Mbam, Lom, and Djerem in the Central region
• The Western Highlands zone, which covers the West and Northwest regions
• The monomodal rainforest zone, which covers the Littoral and Southwest regions
• The bimodal rainforest zone in the Central, South, and East regions

Cameroon plays a leading economic role in the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC) and is the second-largest economy in the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS).

With a population of 26.5 million in 2020, Cameroon is a lower-middle-income country. The two metropolitan areas of Douala and Yaoundé alone are home to nearly 20% of the total population, of which young people under 20 represent more than half. Women and girls under 35 constitute 38% of the population. The relatively high population growth rate, its sociological diversity, and its spatial distribution pose significant challenges for sustainable, equitable, and inclusive development (poverty, health, education, employment, social cohesion, access to basic social services, and more).