I think it is important to focus on systemic change and innovation, both of which often take many years to show themselves. ITCs are only tools and it is how well the tool is used over time that is important. Typically when ICTs are introduced there is some incremental change, but as it becomes widely adopted, significant process re-engineering becomes possible and transformative change becomes available if there is an innovation present. This is what we need to focus on and report on. ICT enabled change management is the hardest part of ICT4D and it is often the local bureaucracy, not the end user that prevents change and causes ICT4D projects to "fail"