There are several pathways for climate mitigation and adaptation policy through Urban Agriculture. To reduce thecarbon footprint of food consumed in cities, production offood close to cities or within city-regions has potential toreduce the footprint. Likewise, instead of the traditionaloverhaul of organic wastes to landfills, cities can alsopromote nutrient recycling utilising the biomass from greenand rural areas. The recycling of waste and sewage sludge forUPAF can enhance environmental quality and the functioningof ecosystem services. Urban agriculture, especially citytree planting of multiple functional trees has a potential tosequester CO2, and to reduce impacts of heat waves. Thesepolicies and strategies would have to include conservationof urban forest patches to sustain the ecosystem servicesthey provide. A strategy for tree species mix is also equallyimportant since carbon sequestration capacity variesthrough the growth cycle of individual crop species.

Moreover,The energy-efficient nature of urban agriculture can reduce each city’s carbon footprint by reducing the amount of transport that occurs to deliver goods to the consumer.

 Plants absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and release breathable oxygen (O2). The process of Carbon Sequestration can be further improved by combining other agriculture techniques to increase removal from the atmosphere and prevent release of CO2 during harvest time.

2.

Green roofs as a means of pollution abatement,”  a rooftop containing 2000 m² of uncut grass has the potential to remove up to 4000 kg of particulate matter. According to the article, only one square meter of green roof is needed to offset the annual particulate matter emissions of a car.

3.The Urban Agriculture Network has defined urban agriculture as an industry that produces, processes, and markets food, fuel, and other outputs, largely in response to the daily demand of consumers within a town, city, or metropolis, on many types of privately and publicly held land and water bodies found throughout intra-urban and peri-urban areas. Typically urban agriculture applies intensive production methods, frequently using and reusing natural resources and urban wastes, to yield a diverse array of land-, water-, and air-based fauna and flora, contributing to the food security, health, livelihood, and environment of the individual, household, and community.

4.

Daily intake of a variety of fruits and vegetables is linked to a decreased risk of chronic diseases including diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Urban agriculture is associated with increased consumption of fruits and vegetables  which decreases risk for disease and can be a cost-effective way to provide citizens with quality, fresh produce in urban settings.

People are more likely to try new vegetables when they take an active role in the planting and cultivation of an urban garden. Produce from urban gardens can be perceived to be more flavorful and desirable than store bought produce  which may also lead to a wider acceptance and higher intake. A Flint, Michigan study found that those participating in community gardens consumed fruits and vegetables 1.4 more times per day and were 3.5 times more likely to consume fruits or vegetables at least 5 times daily (p. 1).Garden based education can also yield nutritional benefits in children. An Idaho study reported a positive association between school gardens and increased intake of fruit, vegetables, vitamin A, vitamin C and fiber among sixth graders.

Urban gardening improves dietary knowledge. Inner city youth of Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota who were part of a community garden intervention were better able to communicate specific nutritional benefits of fruits and vegetables on the body than those who had not participated in a community garden. Community gardeners were also found to consume fewer sweet foods and drinks in a Philadelphia study.

6.Urban agriculture also provides quality nutrition for low income households. Studies show that every $1 invested in a community garden yields $6 worth of vegetables, if labor is not considered a factor in investment.] Many urban gardens reduce the strain on food banks and other emergency food providers by donating shares of their harvest and provide fresh produce in areas that otherwise might be food deserts. The supplemental nutrition program Women, Infants and Children (WIC) as well as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) have partnered with several urban gardens nationwide to improve the accessibility to produce in exchange for a few hours of volunteer gardening work.

7.

Urban agriculture may advance environmental justice and food justice for communities living in food deserts. First, urban agriculture may reduce racial and class disparities in access to healthy food. When urban agriculture leads to locally grown, fresh produce sold at affordable prices in food deserts, access to healthy food is not only a luxury for those who live in wealthy areas, thereby leading to greater equity in rich and poor neighborhoods.

Improved access to food through urban agriculture can also help alleviate psychosocial stresses in poor communities. Community members engaged in urban agriculture improve local knowledge about healthy ways to fulfill dietary needs. Urban agriculture can also better the mental health of community members. Buying and selling quality products between local producers and consumers allows community members to support one another, which may reduce stress. Thus, urban agriculture can help improve conditions in poor communities, where residents undergo higher levels of stress due to hopeless caused by a lack of control over the quality of their lives.

8.

Agroforestry,Intercropping and Ecosystem;

The use of trees and shrubs in agricultural systems help to tackle the triple challenge of

securing food security, mitigation and reducing the vulnerability and increasing the adatability ofagricultural systems to climate change. Trees in the farming system can help increase farm incomesand can help diversify production and thus spread risk against agricultural production or marketfailures. This will be increasingly important as impacts of climate change become more pronounced.Trees and shrubs can diminish the effects of extreme weather events, such as heavy rains, droughtsand wind storms. They prevent erosion, stabilize soils, raise infiltration rates and halt landdegradation. They can enrich biodiversity in the landscape and increase ecosystem stability.Trees can improve soil fertility and soil moisture through increasing soil organic matter.

Nitrogen-fixing leguminous trees and shrubs can be especially important to soil fertility where

there is limited access to mineral fertilizers. Improved soil fertility tends to increase agricultural

productivity and may allow more flexibility in the types of crops that can be grown. 

Agroforestry systems tend to sequester much greater quantities of carbon than agricultural

systems without trees. Planting trees in agricultural lands is relatively efficient and cost effectivecompared to other mitigation strategies, and provides a range of co-benefits important forimproved farm family livelihoods and climate change adaptation. There are several examples ofprivate companies supporting agroforestry in exchange for carbon benefits.

Agroforestry is therefore important both for climate change mitigation as well as for

adaptation through reducing vulnerability, diversifying income sources, improving livelihoods andbuilding the capacity of smallholders to adapt to climate change. However, agroforestry in manyregions is still constrained by local customs, institutions and national policies. There is an urgent need for capacity building, extension and research programmes to screen and to match species withthe right ecological zones and agricultural practices..

Last but not Least ,ICT now can play an important role to inform how to utilize different apps, networks, mobiles, services and applications in Urban Agriculturesystem.In the  Digital Era , Internet is more avialable in city rather than rural then City people can utlize internet service and gather huge knowldege about e-agriculture, rooftop uses,compost fertilizer,intercropping ,how to use kitchen vegetable wastes and wastes water to make compost fertilizer ,where is nursery ,weather condition and seasonal fruits ,vegetable plantation system ,all information are quiet avialble through internet. Now ICT makes life more easier ,reduces complex.But in a developing country ,there are some lacks in  broadband & wifi access,speed  than developed countries.

Greetings, Thanks & Best Regards.

Mahfuja Parven.