The average farm size in North Macedonia is approximately 1.8–1.9 hectares—considerably below the European Union average of 16.6 hectares. Moreover, small farms typically comprise five to seven separate parcels, often located far from one another and lacking adequate access to roads, irrigation and drainage infrastructure. This fragmentation of land ownership and land use remains one of the main structural challenges facing the country’s agricultural sector, limiting farm productivity, competitiveness and efficiency, as well as opportunities for modernization and economies of scale.
Since 2012, North Macedonia has taken important steps towards establishing an operational National Land Consolidation Programme. Building on these efforts, the European Union-funded MAINLAND project, implemented by FAO in close cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy (MAFWE), supported the Government in making the Programme fully operational and implementing the first round of land consolidation projects on the ground.
From 2017 to 2022, the project strengthened the technical and administrative capacities of MAFWE and other key stakeholders at central and local levels, across both the public and private sectors. It also supported the development of national expertise and practical mechanisms for managing and implementing land consolidation projects, contributing to a more productive and competitive agricultural sector aligned with European Union policies and standards.
Building upon the groundwork laid by MAINLAND, the EU and FAO jointly launched the subsequent project, "Enhancing Land Consolidation in North Macedonia" implemented from August 2022 to January 2026.
Project impact
Through MAINLAND, North Macedonia significantly reduced land fragmentation and increased the average parcel size, positioning the country as a leader in land consolidation in the Western Balkans and Eastern Europe.
Project focus areas
Awareness raising
The project increased awareness and understanding of land consolidation among farmers, landowners and key national stakeholders. In cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy (MAFWE), it organized public campaigns, community workshops, information meetings and farmer-to-farmer activities. Media events, field visits and communication materials highlighted how the European Union, FAO and MAFWE worked together to advance land consolidation in North Macedonia.
Knowledge and capacity development
The project strengthened the technical and administrative capacities of MAFWE, public institutions and private geodetic companies to implement the National Land Consolidation Programme. Training was provided to 125 MAFWE employees, 24 National Extension Agency staff, 20 specialists from other public institutions and 45 private-sector experts.
Procedures and tools
The project strengthened the legal, institutional and operational framework for land consolidation through:
- improved legislation and implementation procedures;
- procedures for project selection, feasibility studies, land re-allotment planning and infrastructure design;
- a Rural Development Programme support measure for land consolidation and integrated rural infrastructure; and
- digital tools supporting programme implementation.
Land consolidation projects
The project supported the implementation of land consolidation projects on the ground, involving more than 6 200 farmers and landowners during the feasibility phase and 2 550 farmers and landowners during the land re-allotment phase. Key results included:
- a countrywide feasibility assessment and the selection of 21 potential project areas;
- 14 feasibility studies for Logovardi, Optichari, Trn, Zhabeni, Sokolarci, Spanchevo, Cheshinovo, Chiflik, Dabjani, Konche, Kozhle, Carev Dvor, Stojakovo and Leshani;
- nine land re-allotment plans and agricultural infrastructure designs for Konche, Egri, Logovardi, Optichari, Trn, Dabjani, Kozhle, Sokolarci and Spanchevo;
- adoption of seven land re-allotment plans by participating farmers and landowners; and
- construction of access roads and drainage and irrigation channels in Egri.
Monitoring and evaluation
Monitoring and Evaluation Plan for measuring benefits of land consolidation at both Land Consolidation Programmeand project level was developed, along with digital tools, providing basis for monitoring of land consolidation projects and the National Land Consolidation Programme.
Land consolidation - benefits for farmers and rural communities
19/10/2018
Discover how the EU-FAO “Maintreaming of the National Land Consolidation Programme” (MAINLAND) project has revolutionized agriculture in North Macedonia. By consolidating land parcels, farmers are boosting efficiency, reducing costs, and paving the way for a more competitive future.
European Union-FAO support to agricultural land consolidation in North Macedonia
10/02/2022
Funded by the European Union and co-funded by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the MAINLAND project is implemented in close collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy and other partners in North Macedonia, supporting farmers and ru...
Highlights
Land Consolidation Programme Details
Project Codes:
- GCP/MCD/002/EC
- TCP/MCD/3603/C2
- TCP/MCD/3801
Resource Partners & Funding:
- EU: EUR 2,500,000
- FAO: EUR 360,000
Project Duration:
Mar 2017 – Nov 2022
Geo Area: North Macedonia
Resource partners
Implementing Organization
Project factsheet
Overview of the MAINLAND project's objectives, activities, key results and impact on land consolidation in North Macedonia.
Key documents
- Guide to Agricultural Land Consolidation
- Lessons learned from the introduction of land consolidation in North Macedonia during 2014–2023
- Legal Guide on Land Consolidation
- The Design of Land Consolidation Pilot Projects in Central and Eastern Europe
- Special Issue on Land Consolidation of the Land Tenure Journal
- Experiences with Land Consolidation and Land Banking in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989
- European Good Practices on Land Banking: FAO Study and Recommendations
- Generic master’s course curriculum on land consolidation and land banking
Photo albums
- MAINLAND project closure and opening of new IPA land consolidation project
- EU–FAO support to land consolidation in North Macedonia
- 13th International LANDNET Workshop 2022
- LANDNET participants’ visit to Egri
- Agriculture Minister’s visit to Egri
- First majority-based land consolidation project adopted in Egri
- Community meetings for land consolidation feasibility studies
- Trainings for geodetic companies
Farmer Story from Egri Village
Land consolidation is the missing link for farmers in North Macedonia
Farmer Story from Spanchevo Village
Enhancing rice production in North Macedonia through land consolidation
A National Success Story
EU recognizes North Macedonia’s land consolidation progress
MAINLAND in the news
- New project aims to further enhance land consolidation in North Macedonia
- International LANDNET workshop in Skopje focused on land consolidation and land banking
- EU helping farms become more productive and agriculture more resilient
- The village of Logovardi became the fourth adopted majority-based land consolidation plan in North Macedonia
- The second majority-based land consolidation plan in North Macedonia adopted in the village of Dabjani
- The first majority-based land consolidation plan adopted in Egri, North Macedonia
- Land consolidation campaign starts in the Republic of North Macedonia
- Regional workshop on land consolidation in Strumica
- Regional workshop on land consolidation in Kumanovo
- Regional workshop on land consolidation in Prilep
- Land consolidation campaign through awareness raising workshops in Gostivar, Bitola, Strumica and Stip
- Training for land consolidation feasibility studies
- Informative workshop launches land consolidation feasibility studies
- FAO and the Republic of North Macedonia sign three-year cooperation agreement
- Twelve Macedonian sites selected for land consolidation
- EUR 2.5 million investment in agricultural land consolidation
- EU-financed land consolidation effort kicks off in Skopje
- INTERVIEW: FAO land tenure expert Morten Hartvigsen
- Web story: Fragmented land drives up farming costs – we need land consolidation
- Web story: Small land parcels cannot compete in the European market
- Web story: Larger land parcels for more competitive farming
Tender announcements
- Tender for Construction Services for Land Consolidation in Egri, North Macedonia
- Tender for Land Consolidation Consultancy Services – Phase II: Land Re-allotment Planning in Kozhle
- Tender for Land Consolidation Consultancy Services – Phase II: Land Re-Allotment Planning in Dabjani
- Tender for Land Consolidation Consultancy Services – Phase III: Cadastral Surveying and Technical Documentation for Agricultural Infrastructure in Egri
- Tender for Land Consolidation Consultancy Services – Phase I: Feasibility Studies for Leshani, Kozhle and Dabjani
- Tender for Land Consolidation Consultancy Services – Phase II: Land Re-Allotment Planning in Trn
- Tender for Land Consolidation Consultancy Services – Phases II and III: Land Re-Allotment Planning and Design of Agricultural Infrastructure in Sokolarci, Spanchevo, Optichari and Logovardi
This website is funded by the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of FAO and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.
MAINLAND: TV Appearances
- MAINLAND Opening Workshop – Skopje
- MAINLAND TV article on BRAZDI TV Programme
- Training on Selecting Land Consolidation Areas in Shtip
- Land Consolidation Awareness Workshop in Strumica
- Agriculture Minister Addresses the Strumica Workshop
- Land Consolidation Training Workshop in Prilep
- Land Consolidation Awareness Workshop in Bitola
- Land Consolidation Awareness Workshop in Shtip
- MAINLAND event in Spanchevo village
- Agriculture Minister announces the MAINLAND project
- Land consolidation supports agricultural development
- Land consolidation creates new income opportunities for farmers in Bitola villages
- MAINLAND TV article on AGRAR TV Programme
FAO North Macedonia
[email protected]
Tel. +389 (0)2 3220 888
Delegation of the European Union
Margarita Deleva
Programme Manager for Agriculture and Rural Development
[email protected]
Tel: +389 (0)2 3248 580
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy
Adrijana Labroska
Head of Sector for Consolidation of Agricultural Land, Exchange and Identification of Land Plots
[email protected]
Tel: +389 (0)2 3134 477
(ext. 109)