Rainfed agriculture in Sudan plays a critical role in ensuring food security; however, it remains highly vulnerable to erratic rainfall patterns, land degradation, and ongoing conflict. These challenges are compounded by the limited availability of updated agricultural data, which hampers accurate assessments and timely decision-making.

This study utilizes remote sensing technologies to analyze cropland extent and cultivated area trends between 2018 and 2024. It integrates biomass productivity data, agricultural indices, rainfall patterns, and high-resolution imagery to provide a comprehensive assessment. Findings reveal a 6.4% increase in total cultivated area during the 2024 summer season compared to the 2018–2022 baseline, reaching 19,148,190 hectares.

This represents a significant recovery from the 14.6% decline recorded in 2023, when the cultivated area dropped to 15,359,053 hectares. The results offer valuable insights into long-term agricultural trends, supporting efforts in crop type mapping, yield estimation, and evidence-based policy-making. These contributions are essential for enhancing resilience and advancing sustainable agricultural development amid Sudan’s environmental and socio-economic challenges.

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