Definition "Abandoned land" means unused land, which was used in the past for the cultivation of food and feed crops but where the cultivation of food and feed crops was stopped due to biophysical or socioeconomic constraints; "Unoccupied land" is land that is not occupied by any person, is in a state of disuse, or for which it has not been possible to find any person, who by reason of an estate or vested interest, has a right to occupy the land.
×
access and benefit-sharing
العربية
الحصول وتقاسم المنافع
中文
获取和惠益分享
Français
accès et partage des avantages
Русский
доступ к биологическим ресурсам и участие в доходах
Definition The way in which genetic resources may be accessed, and how the benefits that result from their use are shared between the people or countries using the resources (users) and the people or countries that provide them (providers).
Definition An authorization (access right), given to a user by a competent authority or by legislation, to exploit a resource or a share of a total allowable catch.
Definition Right of public access to any information held by the state; and any information that is held by another person and that is required for the exercise or protection of any rights.
Definition Access to justice is defined as the ability of people to seek and obtain a remedy through formal or informal institutions of justice for grievances in compliance with human rights standards. Access to justice involves normative legal protection, legal awareness, legal aid and counsel, adjudication, enforcement, and civil society oversight.
Definition Afforestation is the establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land that, until then, was under a different land use, implies a transformation of land use from non-forest to forest. Reforestation is the re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land classified as forest.;
Definition Raw or partly refined agricultural goods whose value mainly reflects the costs of gathering or harvesting them; they are traded for processing or incorporation into final goods.
Definition Development of crops, livestock farming, soil fertility, etc. creating the conditions for the fulfillment of agricultural potential, by allocation of inputs, availability of technology, accumulation of knowledge.
Definition Agricultural land is typically land devoted to agriculture, the systematic and controlled use of other forms of life—particularly the rearing of livestock and production of crops—to produce food for humans. It is generally synonymous with both farmland or cropland, as well as pasture or rangeland.
Definition Agroecology is a scientific discipline, a set of practices and a social movement. As a science, it studies how different components of the agroecosystem interact. As a set of practices, it seeks sustainable farming systems that optimize and stabilize yields. As a social movement, it pursues multifunctional roles for agriculture, promotes social justice, nurtures identity and culture, and strengthens the economic viability of rural areas.
Definition Agroforestry is a land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland. This intentional combination of agriculture and forestry has varied benefits, including increased biodiversity and reduced erosion.
Definition Air quality - The degree to which air is polluted; the type and maximum concentration of man-produced pollutants that should be permitted in the atmosphere. Air pollution -The general term alluding to the undesirable addition of substances (gases, liquids, or solid particles) to the atmosphere that are foreign to the natural atmosphere or are present in quantities exceeding natural concentrations.
Definition Allocation of resources refers to the apportionment of productive assets among different uses. Quotas refer to a limited quantity of a particular product which under official controls can be harvested, produced, exported, or imported.
Definition Class of vertebrates including the (tail-less) frogs and toads (anurans), newts and salamanders, and worm-like (leg-less) Apoda. Animals having a vertebral column or backbone.
Definition Includes: artificial insemination, semen, semen production/collection centres, deep-frozen bovine semen, embryo transfers, in vitro fertilization, etc. See also "biotechnology".
Definition How an animal is coping with the conditions in which it lives. An animal is in a good state of welfare if (as indicated by scientific evidence) it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express innate behaviour and if it is not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear and distress.
Definition AMR refers to when micro-organisms – bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites – evolve resistance to antimicrobial substances, like antibiotics. This can occur naturally through adaption to the environment, the pace of AMR's spread is now on the uptick due to inappropriate and excessive use of antimicrobials.
Definition Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of bee colonies by humans in order to collect their honey and other products that the hive produce (including beeswax, propolis, flower pollen, bee pollen, and royal jelly), to pollinate crops, or to produce bees for sale to other beekeepers. Sericulture, or silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk.
Definition Cultivation of plants or breeding of animals in water (embracing freshwater and brackish culture, fish farming). The farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants with some sort of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc.
Definition Plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater). Aquatic plants can only grow in water or in soil that is permanently saturated with water. They are therefore a common component of wetlands.
Definition There is no universal definition for what type of fisheries or aquaculture count as ‘artisanal’ or ‘small-scale’. Commonly, these terms are used for describing fisheries and aquaculture that use relatively small production units with low input and output, and low levels of technology or capital investment. Fishing for sport or recreation are excluded.;
Definition A drinkable liquid. Includes: beer, non-alcoholic beverages (fruit juices, concentrates, nectars, etc.).;Note: The following beverages have specific key words: "potable water"; "mineral water", "viticulture/oenological practices", "coffee/cocoa/tea"; and "milk/dairy products".
Definition Variety among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems (Article 2 of the Convention on Biodiversity).
Definition Covers all energy forms derived from organic fuels (biofuels) of biological origin used for energy production. It comprises both purpose-grown energy crops, as well as multipurpose plantations and by-products (residues and wastes). The term by-products includes solid, liquid and gaseous by-products derived from human activities. Biomass may be considered as one form of transformed solar energy.
Definition Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests such as insects, mites, weeds and plant diseases using other organisms. This keyword refers to the licensing, use, storage, labelling, certification, safety, biological pest control agents, organisms and micro-organisms, pathogens.
Definition Biosafety is a term used to describe efforts to reduce and eliminate the potential risks resulting from biotechnology and its products. For the purposes of the Biosafety Protocol, this is based on the precautionary approach, whereby the lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as an excuse to postpone action when there is a threat of serious or irreversible damage.
Definition Management of all biological and environmental risks associated with the environment, including food and agriculture, including forestry and fisheries.
Definition Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems promoting solutions to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use. They are internationally recognized, nominated by national governments and remain under sovereign jurisdiction of the states where they are located. UNESCO provides the secretariat of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves in accordance with the provisions of the Statutory Framework.
Definition "Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivates thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use"(Convention on Biological Diversity).
Definition Infant milk substitutes, feeding bottles, "natural" food, formula, dry milk. Also refers to national public information campaigns to promote breastfeeding, to the International Code on marketing of breast milk substitutes, etc.
Definition Plant breeder's rights are a form of intellectual property (IP). They grant a limited commercial monopoly to breeders of new plant varieties. PBR allows a breeder the right to exclude others from a range of activities including producing and reproducing a protected variety.
Definition The part of catch unintentionally captured during a fishing operation, in addition to target species, and consisting of discards and incidental catches of vulnerable species.
Definition Cadastre is a public record, survey, or map of the value, extent, and ownership of land as a basis of taxation. Land registration is the official recording of legally recognised interests in land and is usually part of a cadastral system. From a legal perspective a distinction can be made between deeds registration, where the documents filed in the registry are the evidence of title, and registration of title, in which the register itself serves as the primary evidence.
Definition The process through which the ability of individuals and organizations to perform functions, solve problems and set and achieve sustainable objectives is developed and maintained over time.
Definition An animal that has a phenotype not significantly affected by human selection, but that is captive or otherwise lives under direct human supervision or control, including zoo animals and pets.
Definition Cartilaginous fishes are jawed vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, scales, a heart with its chambers in series, and skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone. The class is divided into two subclasses: Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, skates, and sawfish) and Holocephali (chimaeras, sometimes called ghost sharks, which are sometimes separated into their own class). Also include “Picked dogfish" , “Spurdog”, “Dogfish”, “Porbeagle”, “Catshark”.
Definition Process that guarantees compliance with foreseen standards and requirements. Refers to all procedures prescribed by law for obtaining a certificate.
Definition Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of society and the state without discrimination or repression.
×
Civil Code
العربية
القانون المدني
中文
民法典
Français
Code Civil
Русский
Гражданский кодекс
Español
Código Civil
Definition A Civil Code is a codification of private law relating to persons, family, property, inheritance, obligations and contracts. In some jurisdictions, some core areas of private law (commercial and corporate law) are codified under a separate commercial code.;A Civil Code is a codification of private law relating to persons, family, property, inheritance, obligations and contracts. In some jurisdictions, some core areas of private law (commercial and corporate law) are codified under a separate commercial code.;
Definition Classification refers to an administrative decision to place something within a legal category subject to specific rules. Declassification refers to an administrative decision that moves something from a legal category subject to specific rules to a category subject to ordinary law.
Definition One of the flexibility mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol (IPCC, 2007) that provides for emissions reduction projects which generate Certified Emission Reduction units which may be traded in emissions trading schemes.
Definition Chemical and biological agents to remove food residue, dirt, grease or other objectionable matter and/or reduce the number of micro-organisms to a level that does not compromise food safety and public health. Cleaning products may contain toxic chemicals, some of which emit volatile organic compounds causing respiratory, dermatological and environmental harm.
Definition A change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.
Definition Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata consisting chiefly of carbonized plant matter, found mainly in underground seams and used as fuel.
Definition The "Codex Alimentarius" is a collection of international standards for the safety and quality of food as well as codes of good manufacturing practice and other guidelines to protect the health of the consumer and remove unfair practices in international trade.
Definition Community management or common-pool resource management is the management of a common resource or issue by a community through the collective action of stakeholders.
Definition Contractual right entitling the beneficiary to exploit a body of water or expanse of land belonging to the State subject to particular terms.
Definition Herbs are the leaves from shrubs, best fresh although dried are common, used to add aroma to a dish. Spices are dried seeds, root, bark or other vegetable matter, used to add flavour and colour to a dish. Condiments are added to a dish to add or complement its flavour. They are often prepared mixes (like mustard or soy sauce), although the broad definition can include spices (e.g. pepper).
Definition Consumer protection is the practice of safeguarding buyers of goods and services, and the public, against unfair practices in the marketplace. Consumer protection measures are intended to prevent businesses from engaging in fraud or specified unfair practices in order to gain an advantage over competitors or to mislead consumers.
Definition The continental shelf of a coastal State comprises the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin, or to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured where the outer edge of the continental margin does not extend up to that distance (article 76 of the Law of the Sea Convention).
Definition Contract farming is agricultural production carried out according to an agreement between a buyer and farmers, which establishes conditions for the production and marketing of a farm product or products.
Definition A corporation or association established to give economic services to its members without gain to itself. Includes agricultural cooperatives, cooperative societies, peasant associations, fishermen's cooperatives, etc.
Definition Corals are marine invertebrates within the class Anthozoa of the phylum Cnidaria. They typically live in compact colonies of many identical individual polyps. Coral species include the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton.
Definition COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus SARS-Cov-2, which had not been previously identified in humans.
Definition A body of people presided over by a judge, judges, or magistrate, and acting as a tribunal in civil and criminal cases. A Tribunal is a body established to settle certain types of dispute.
Definition A contractual agreement in which a borrower receives something of value now and agrees to repay the lender at some date in the future, generally with interest. The term also refers to the borrowing capacity of an individual or company.
Definition A large group of mainly aquatic arthropods which include crabs, lobsters, shrimps, woodlice, barnacles, and many minute forms. They are very diverse, but most have four or more pairs of limbs and several other appendages.
Definition Cultural Heritage is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions, values and food.
Definition Any wild, exotic, or venomous animal or other animal which, because of its size, disposition, or other characteristic, would constitute a danger to persons or property.
Definition Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. Reporting - the act of giving an official notification, for example about its accounts or activities.
Definition Decentralization refers to the transfer of authority from a central government to a sub-national entity. There are many ways in which a government may devolve power to the sub-national level - decentralization can be political, administrative, fiscal, or economic.
Definition The sea-bed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. The area underneath the High Seas. (article 1 of the Law of the Sea)
Definition Land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry subhumid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities.
Definition Diadromous is a general category describing fish that spend portions of their life cycles partially in fresh water and partially in salt water. These represent both anadromous and catadromous fish. Anadromous fishes spend most of their adult lives at sea, but return to fresh water to spawn.
Definition Sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own resources. Though often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins.
Definition Disinfection - the process of cleaning something using chemicals that kill bacteria and other organisms (very small living things) that cause disease. Disinfestation - physical or chemical process to destroy or remove small undesirable animal forms, particularly arthropods or rodents, present upon the person, clothing, or environment of an individual or domestic animals.
Definition Relates to alternate dispute settlement mechanisms such as arbitration, mediation, conciliation, negotiation, enquiry, resort to agencies or arrangements, Alternative Dispute Resolution. It excludes judicial settlement of disputes, which is covered by keyword "special court/tribunal".
Definition Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of a surface's water and sub-surface water from an area with excess of water. Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from the sea.
E
×
early warning system/emergency intervention system
العربية
نظام الانذار المبكر /نظام التدخل في حالات الطوارئ
中文
预警系统/紧急干预系统
Français
réseau d'alerte/intervention d'urgence
Русский
системы раннего предупреждения/системы оказания чрезвычайной помощи
Español
sistema de alerta rápida/sistema de intervención de emergencia
Definition Early Warning System - Systems which predict or forecast the formation or movement of a potentially disastrous phenomenon which may develop into or cause a disaster, natural or otherwise. Emergency intervention system - a comprehensive management system which integrates the response to emergencies. This system provides the governance structure and the operational facilities to respond to emergencies.
×
ecofriendly products/ecofriendly processes
العربية
المنتجات الصديقة للبيئة / عمليات صديقة للبيئة
中文
生态友好的产品/生态友好型工艺
Français
éco-produits/processus écologique
Русский
экологически чистые продукты/ экологически чистые процессы
Definition Eco-friendly products or processes do not harm the environment whether in their production, use or disposal. They help preserve the environment by significantly reducing the pollution they could produce.
×
ecological production/organic production
العربية
الإنتاج الأيكولوجي / الانتاج العضوي
中文
生态生产/有机生产
Français
production écologique/production biologique
Русский
экологическое производство/органическое производство
Definition Relates to the organic form of production, i.e. without the use of chemical products and pesticides, and to biological and organic products.
Definition Economic, social and cultural rights include the rights to adequate food, to adequate housing, to education, to health, to social security, to take part in cultural life, to water and sanitation, and to work.
Definition Ecosystem refers to the variety of habitats and communities of different species that interact in a complex web of interdependent relationships. From an ecological standpoint, preservation is defined as maintaining an intact ecosystem so that it functions at the same level as it has historically. Preservation also commonly entails prohibiting any human use that could compromise ecosystem function.
Definition The Law of the Sea Convention establishes a special legal regime of the Exclusive Economic Zone, which is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea and which shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Provisions may concern the right and duties of the coastal state in this zone (exploitation, exploration - for purposes of scientific research for instance - conservation and management of the natural resources/marine environment), the rights and duties of other states in this zone.
Definition Refers to liquid waste, including provisions regarding pollutants, effluent, waste water, waste water treatment, quality standards of receiving waters, waste water recycling. Includes sources of pollution not associated with a distinct discharge point, such as rainwater, runoff from agricultural lands, timber operations.
Definition In the climate change context, emissions refer to the release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors and aerosols into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of time.
Definition Emissions trading (also known as cap and trade) is a market-based approach to controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants.
Definition An endangered species is a species of wild animal or plant that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range.
Definition Energy conservation is the effort made to reduce the consumption of energy by using less of an energy service. This can be achieved either by using energy more efficiently or by reducing the amount of service used. Energy generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy.
Definition Compliance: the state of conformity with regulatory requirements including, but not limited to, legislative provisions, regulations, rules, standards, and orders. Enforcement: actions taken to induce, encourage, or compel compliance with regulatory requirements.
Definition Environmental charges are paid for the right to use the environment and the purpose for the implementation thereof is to avoid or decrease possible damages related to the use of natural resources, emission of pollutants into the environment and waste disposal.
Definition Environmental Impact Assessment is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
Definition Environmental security can be interpreted broadly to cover any major ecological development that seriously threatens the welfare of human societies, even without increasing the likelihood of war. Such threats are posed by the panoply of environmental problems, which include depletion of the ozone layer, global warming, desertification, deforestation, and the loss of biodiversity, that are collectively referred to under the rubric "global change."
Definition Environmental standards are standards for materials, products and production processes to ensure that negative impacts on the environment are minimal or kept within certain limits.
Definition Tools, equipment and machinery to carry out farm operations efficiently from the viewpoint of financial and capital costs as well as social and environmental costs.
Definition Involuntary sale or transfer of land/property to the State or Government. Includes the procedures of expropriation, entitlements and determination of compensation etc.
Definition Technical field support. Extension services are one component of a government's (or agency's) plan to improve agricultural productivity through assistance and supervision.
Definition Family farming includes all family-based agricultural activities, and it is linked to several areas of rural development. Family farming is a means of organizing agricultural, forestry, fisheries, pastoral and aquaculture production which is managed and operated by a family and predominantly reliant on family labour, including both women’s and men’s.
Definition The protection of farmers’ rights includes the protection of traditional knowledge relevant to plant genetic resources, the right to equitably participate in sharing benefits arising from their utilization, and the right to participate in making decisions, at the national level, on matters related to their conservation and sustainable use (International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, art. 9).
Definition Techniques and requirements directed to cultivation and farming practices of specific crops. Methods compatible with the requirements of the protection of the environment and maintenance of the countryside.
Definition A political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government (federalism).
Definition Any intentionally added ingredient not normally consumed as feed by itself, whether or not it has nutritional value, which affects the characteristics of feed or animal products.
Definition Fertilizer: a substance that is used to provide nutrients to plants, usually via application to the soil, but also to foliage or through water in rice systems, fertigation, hydroponics or aquaculture operations. Nutrients: Elements essential for normal growth and reproduction of plants, generally not including carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Definition Fiber crops are plants that are deliberately grown for the production of fiber for textile (clothes), cordage (e.g., ropes), and filling (e.g., stuffing upholstery and mattresses).
Definition Measures that include the circulation of money, the granting of credit, the making of investments, and the provision of banking facilities in the agricultural sector.
Definition Fiscal measures are policy instruments using government revenue collection (mainly taxes) and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy. Market measures are policy instruments that use markets, price, and other economic variables to provide incentives for producers and consumers.
Definition Sign of fish disease include abnormalities and symptoms such as a fish not feeding, ulcers on the body, or cloudy eyes. The most common indicators of disease are fish coming to the surface and gasping for oxygen, or higher than usual levels of sickness or death in an aquaculture system.
Definition The integrated process of information gathering, analysis, planning, consultation, decision-making, allocation of resources and formulation and implementation, with enforcement as necessary, of regulations or rules which govern fisheries activities in order to ensure the continued productivity and sustainability of the resources and the accomplishment of other fisheries objectives.
Definition An area to which a specific regime for fishing applies. This regime may apply to a specific fisheries and may also generally restrict or prohibit fisheries.
Definition Any fishing device such as nets, lines, etc. (individual or collective). May also refer to the import, export, sale, possession of such gears. Provisions on fishing methods, such as the use of explosives or electricity, etc.
Definition Any vessel used for fishing (including sport fishing) or for the storage, transhipment, refuelling or supplying of other fishing vessels. It also includes vessels processing fish at sea.
Definition Food additive means any substance not normally consumed as a food by itself and not normally used as a typical ingredient of the food, whether or not it has nutritive value, the intentional addition of which to food for a technological (including organoleptic) purpose in the manufacture, processing, preparation, treatment, packing, packaging, transport or holding of such food results, or may be reasonably expected to result (directly or indirectly), in it or its by-products becoming a component of or otherwise affecting the characteristics of such foods. The term does not include contaminants or substances added to food for maintaining or improving nutritional qualities.
Definition Food assistance refers to the set of interventions designed to provide access to food to vulnerable and food insecure populations. Generally included are instruments like food transfers, vouchers and cash transfers to ensure access to food of a given quantity, quality or value.
Definition Food loss and waste refer to the decrease in mass (quantitative) or nutritional value (qualitative) of food - edible parts - throughout the supply chain that was intended for human consumption. Food Loss refers to food that gets spilled, spoilt or otherwise lost, or incurs reduction of quality and value during its process in the food supply chain before it reaches its final product stage. Food loss typically takes place at production, post-harvest, processing, and distribution stages in the food supply chain. Food waste refers to food that completes the food supply chain up to a final product, of good quality and fit for consumption, but still doesn't get consumed because it is discarded, whether or not after it is left to spoil or expire. Food waste typically (but not exclusively) takes place at retail and consumption stages in the food supply chain.
Definition Food safety - Protecting the food supply from microbial, chemical (i.e. rancidity, browning) and physical (i.e. drying out, infestation) hazards or contamination that may occur during all stages of food production and handling-growing, harvesting, processing, transporting, preparing, distributing and storing. The goal of food safety monitoring is to keep food wholesome. Food quality is the inspection, analysis, and other relevant actions taken to provide control over what is being done, manufactured, or fabricated, so that a desirable level of quality is achieved and maintained.
Definition A situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Based on the definition, four food security dimensions can be identified: food availability, economic and physical access to food, food utilization and stability over time.
Definition The right of people to define their own policies and strategies for the sustainable production, distribution and consumption of food, with respect for their own cultures and their own systems of managing natural resources and rural areas, and is considered to be a precondition for food security.
Definition Provisions that regulate and/or restrict the ownership of land, or other rights to land, by foreigners, foreign organisations or foreign companies.
Definition Forest conservation means all activities to preserve and rehabilitate forests, in particular activities designed to protect or restore the biological diversity and ecological functions of the forest ecosystem, while securing as far as possible their current and future value for mankind and in particular for forest-dependent people. Forest management means the management and use of forests and wooded lands in a way, and at a rate, that maintains their biological diversity, productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality and their potential to fulfill, now and in the future, relevant ecological, economic and social functions, at local, national, and global levels, without causing any damage to other ecosystems.
Definition A forest species is a species that forms part of a forest ecosystems or is dependent on a forest for part or all of its day-to-day living requirements or for its reproductive requirements. Therefore, an animal species may be considered a forest species even if it does not live most of its life in a forest.
Definition Any action or measure aimed at prevention and control of damage to forests arising from human action/activity, wildlife, livestock, of pests and abiotic agents.
Definition Framework laws are laws used to legislate on multisectoral matters in a consistent, coordinated and comprehensive fashion, laying down general principles and obligations while leaving the details to lower-level laws and giving the competent authorities the power to define the necessary measures within the framework established by law.
Definition Fraudulent practices involving food may be reduced to the following types of offenses: deceit, adulteration, sale of adulterated food and the sale of spoiled food or otherwise unfit for human consumption. Their common characteristic is that they imply in principle bad faith on the part of the person committing the offence.;Adulteration of food consists in its alteration with intent to deceive, e.g., the addition of unauthorized substances, the unlawful removal of nutritive principles or the substitution of ingredients (e.g., wine adulterated with methyl alcohol).
×
Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC)
العربية
الموافقة الحرة والمسبقة والمستنيرة
中文
自由、事先和知情同意
Français
Le consentement préalable, donné librement et en connaissance de cause (CPLCC)
Definition Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) is a specific right that pertains to indigenous peoples and is recognised in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). It allows them to give or withhold consent to a project that may affect them or their territories. Once they have given their consent, they can withdraw it at any stage. Furthermore, FPIC enables them to negotiate the conditions under which the project will be designed, implemented, monitored and evaluated. This is also embedded within the universal right to self-determination.
Definition The quality of surface water in rivers and streams, lakes, ponds and wetlands is determined by interactions with soil, transported solids (organics, sediments), rocks, groundwater and the atmosphere. It may also be significantly affected by agricultural, industrial, mineral and energy extraction, urban and other human actions, as well as by atmospheric inputs.
Definition Refers to the social, economic and cultural roles and relations between women and men, taking into account their different access to and control over the resources, as well as their responsibilities in a given culture or location and in different population groups (children, aged people, ethnic groups, socio-economic, etc.)
Definition Genetic resources means genetic material of actual or potential value; genetic material means any material of plant, animal, microbial or other origin containing functional units of heredity.
Definition The modification of the genetic characteristics of a microorganism, plant or animal by inserting a modified gene or a gene from another variety or species.
Definition A good practice is a process or methodology that is ethical, fair, and replicable, has been shown to work well, succeeds in achieving its objective(s), and therefore can be recommended as a model.
Definition Governance refers to the complex mechanisms, processes, relationships and institutions through which authorities, citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their rights and obligations and mediate their differences.
Definition HACCP is a management system in which food safety is addressed through the analysis and control of biological, chemical, and physical hazards from raw material production, procurement and handling, to manufacturing, distribution and consumption of the finished product.
Definition A place on the coast where ships may moor in shelter, especially one protected from rough water by piers, jetties, and other artificial structures.
Definition A substance which by reason of its chemical or physical properties, and based on technical, scientific and medical evidence, is determined to cause, or likely to cause through its handling, harm to human health or the environment.
Definition All parts of the sea that are not included in the exclusive economic zone, in the territorial sea or in the internal waters of a State, or in the archipelagic waters of an archipelagic State (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, article 86).
Definition An artificial form of a natural chemical substance that is used for treating particular medical conditions, some of which may increase muscular development.
Definition Human rights are universal values and legal guarantees that protect individuals and groups against actions and omissions primarily by State agents that interfere with fundamental freedoms, entitlements and human dignity. The full spectrum of human rights involves respect for, and protection and fulfilment of, civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights, as well as the right to development. Human rights are universal— in other words, they belong inherently to all human beings—and are interdependent and indivisible.
Definition Hydroelectric power, also called hydropower, electricity produced from generators driven by turbines that convert the potential energy of falling or fast-flowing water into mechanical energy.
Definition Relates to all measures necessary to ensure the safety and wholesomeness of animals/animal products and food. These measures cover all stages after primary production up to supply to the consumer.
I
×
Illegal unreported and unregulated fishing (IUU fishing)
العربية
الصيد غير القانوني دون إبلاغ ودون تنظيم
中文
非法、不报告和不管制（IUU）捕鱼
Français
Pêche illicite, non déclarée et non réglementée (INN)
Русский
Незаконный, несообщаемый и нерегулируемый (ННН) промысел
Español
Pesca ilegal, no declarada y no reglamentada (pesca INDNR)
Definition Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing is a broad term which includes: • Fishing and fishing-related activities conducted in contravention of national, regional and international laws. • Non-reporting, misreporting or under-reporting of information on fishing operations and their catches. • Fishing by “Stateless” vessels. • Fishing in convention areas of Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs) by non-party vessels. • Fishing activities which are not regulated by States and cannot be easily monitored and accounted for.
Definition People whose ancestors inhabited a place or a country when persons from another culture or ethnic background arrived on the scene and dominated them through conquest, settlement, or other means and who today live more in conformity with their own social, economic, and cultural customs and traditions than those of the country of which they now form a part (also referred to as “native,” “aboriginal,” or “tribal” peoples).
Definition Water used for industrial purposes such as manufacturing, processing, washing, and cooling. Includes such industries as steel, chemical and allied products, paper and allied products, mining, and petroleum refining.
Definition Non-saline and brackish water bodies inland from the coastal zone.
×
innovation
العربية
ابتكار
中文
创新
Français
innovation
Русский
инновации
Español
innovación
Definition Innovations include the creation of new products and processes, the application of new products in other domains, or the enhancement of the routines and procedures associated with these applications.
Definition A class of the Arthropoda typically having a segmented body with an external, chitinous covering, a pair of compound eyes, a pair of antennae, three pairs of mouthparts, and two pairs of wings.
Definition Examination of a product design, product, process or installation and determination of its conformity with specific requirements or, on the basis of professional judgement, with general requirement.
Definition A structure of social order governing the behaviour of a set of individuals and that shape human interactions by serving collectively valued goals. The term includes formal institutions (e.g. public institutions, non-governmental and private organizations, training and educational institutions such as universities and research institutes) and informal institutions (e.g. village committees, community groups, farmer groups). Informational institutions are in the forefront of organic agriculture development.
Definition A continuous process through which decisions are made for the sustainable use, development, and protection of areas and resources. Integrated management acknowledges the relationships that exist among different uses and the environments they potentially affect. It is designed to overcome the fragmentation inherent in a sectoral approach, analyses the implications of development, conflicting uses, and promotes linkages and harmonization among various activities.
×
integrated pest management-IPM/pest management strategies
العربية
المكافحة المتكاملة للآفات / استراتيجيات إدارة الآفات
中文
综合虫害管理-IPM /虫害治理策略
Français
gestion intégrée du risque phytosanitaire/stratégie phytosanitaire
Русский
интегрированное управление пестицидами ИУП/стратегии борьбы с вредителями
Español
manejo integrado de plagas/estrategias de manejo de plagas
Definition A strategy for the management or eradication of a particular pest or pests. Integrated Pest Management is defined as a combination of processes where the use of chemical plant protection products is limited to the necessary minimum, and priority consideration given to biological and biotechnological measures, as well as to other cropping and growth technologies. Relates to plant protection programmes and integrated pest control/management strategies at the national, regional or territorial level, as well as to plant protection barriers, plant protection coordination and advisory bodies.
Definition Intellectual property rights allow the creators – or owners of patents, trademarks or copyrighted works – to benefit from their own work or investment in a creation.
Definition Use for every national text that puts an international agreement into effect. For some countries, international agreements have no effect in national law unless they are explicitly transformed into a law by the national legislation.
Definition Used exclusively to classify texts of international agreements, either separate or as part of national legislation. May also refer to agreements to which both States and international organizations are party.
Definition International cooperation refers to processes of policy coordination by which states and other entities (such as multinational corporations or nongovernmental organizations) adjust their behavior to the actual or anticipated preferences of other States, or of entities based in other countries.
Definition Invasive alien species are plants, animals, pathogens and other organisms that are non-native to an ecosystem, and which may cause economic or environmental harm or adversely affect human health. In particular, they impact adversely upon biodiversity, including decline or elimination of native species - through competition, predation, or transmission of pathogens - and the disruption of local ecosystems and ecosystem functions.
Definition Human beings as factors of production. The labour supply consists of all those able and willing to work, including the self-employed and unemployed as well as employed workers. On a farm, usually it is broadly classified into operator's labour, family labour and hired labour.
Definition Type of land reform whereby parcels of land are reshaped and/or redistributed to achieve a more efficient (agricultural) use. Including re-allotment.
Definition Land tenure refers to the relationship (whether defined under formal de jure law or under customary law) that individuals and groups hold with respect to land and related resources. Land tenure rules define the ways in which property rights to land are allocated, transferred, used, or managed in a particular society. For our purposes, land is used here to include most fixed natural resources associated with land (e.g., trees, minerals, pasture, water); in essence, all land-based resources.
Definition The movement of fish and fishery products in any form from a vessel to dockside in a port or free-trade zone, even if subsequently transferred to another vessel.
Definition The systematic assessment of land and water potential, alternative patterns of land use and other physical, social and economic conditions, for the purpose of selecting and adopting the land-use options that are the most beneficial to land users without degrading the resources or the environment, together with the selection of measures most likely to encourage such land uses.
Definition An administrative proceeding is a non-judicial determination of fault or wrongdoing and may include, in some cases, penalties of various forms. They are typically conducted by government or military institutions. Legal proceeding: Action or procedure instituted in a court of law to acquire a benefit, interest, or right or to enforce a remedy.
Definition Less-favoured area (LFA) is a term used to describe an area with natural handicaps (lack of water, climate, short crop season and tendencies of depopulation), or that is mountainous or hilly, as defined by its altitude and slope.
Definition Liability - A comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation. Compensation is the the act or state of compensating, as by rewarding someone for service or by making up for someone's loss, damage, or injury by giving the injured party an appropriate benefit.
Definition Livestock water use is water associated with livestock watering, feedlots, dairy operations, and other on-farm needs. Livestock includes dairy cows and heifers, beef cattle and calves, sheep and lambs, goats, hogs and pigs, horses, and poultry. Other livestock water uses include cooling of facilities for the animals and products, dairy sanitation and wash down of facilities, animal waste-disposal systems, and incidental water losses. The livestock category excludes on-farm domestic use, lawn and garden watering, and irrigation water use.
Definition Level of administration below the national government within a particular sovereign state, geographically localised and with limited powers (e.g. county councils, borough councils, municipalities, departments, districts).
Definition Any kind of provision and measure for the management and conservation of natural resources, e.g. forests, protected areas, coastal resources.
Definition Cultivation, management and harvesting of marine organisms in the sea, in specially constructed rearing facilities e.g. cages, pens and long-lines.
Definition The industry or occupation devoted to the catching, harvesting, processing, or selling of fish, shellfish, or other aquatic animals in marine areas.
Definition Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) involve the protective management of natural marine areas according to pre-defined management objectives. MPAs can be conserved for a number of reasons including economic resources, biodiversity conservation, and species protection. They are created by delineating zones with permitted and non-permitted uses within that zone.
Definition The maritime zones recognized under international law include internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf, the high seas and the Area. With the exception of the high seas and the Area, each of these maritime zones is measured from the baseline determined in accordance with customary international law as reflected in the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention.
Definition The movement of a person or a group of persons, either across an international border, or within a State. It is a population movement, encompassing any kind of movement of people, whatever its length, composition and causes; it includes migration of refugees, displaced persons, economic migrants, and persons moving for other purposes, including family reunification (IOM, 2011).
Definition Any species or lower taxon of wild animals, in which a significant proportion of the members of the entire population or any geographically separate part of the population cyclically and predictably crosses one or more national jurisdictional boundaries.
Definition Dairy products or milk products are a type of food produced from or containing the milk of mammals. They are primarily produced from mammals such as cattle, water buffaloes, goats, sheep, camels and humans. Dairy products include food items such as yogurt, cheese and butter.
Definition A naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, crystalline substance which has a fixed structure and a chemical composition which is either fixed or which may vary within certain defined limits.
Definition The extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.
Definition Monitoring is a periodically recurring task already beginning in the planning stage of a project or programme. Monitoring allows results, processes and experiences to be documented and used as a basis to steer decision-making and learning processes. Monitoring is checking progress against plans. The data acquired through monitoring is used for evaluation.;
Definition Land area that rises prominently above its surroundings, generally exhibiting steep slopes, a relatively confined summit area, and considerable local relief. Mountains generally are understood to be larger than hills, but the term has no standardized geological meaning.
Definition The maximum concentration of residue resulting from the use of a veterinary drug or a pesticide that is recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission to be legally permitted or recognized as acceptable in or on a food.
Definition Protected area managed mainly for ecosystem protection and recreation. National parks are relatively large areas, which contain representative samples of major natural regions, features or scenery, where plant and animal species, geomorphological sites, and habitats are of special scientific, educational and recreational interest. The area is managed and developed so as to sustain recreation and educational activities on a controlled basis. The area and visitors ‘use are managed at a level which maintains the area in a natural or semi-natural state.
Definition Flammable gas, consisting largely of methane and other hydrocarbons, occurring naturally underground (often in association with petroleum) and used as fuel.
Definition Any organization, commercial or non-commercial, which is independent from government, such as associations, companies, joint ventures, users' organizations.
Definition Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are any product or service other than timber that is produced in forests. They include fruits and nuts, vegetables, fish and game, medicinal plants, resins, essences and a range of barks and fibres such as bamboo, rattans, and a host of other palms and grasses.
Definition Novel food is defined as a type of food that does not have a significant history of consumption or is produced by a method that has not previously been used for food.
Definition The intake of food, and the interplay of biological, social, and economic processes that influence the growth, function and repair of the body.
Definition Any kind of violation of the provisions provided for by law. Penalties/sanctions for any kind of violation of the provisions provided for by law.
Definition Ownership is the state or fact of exclusive rights and control over property, which may be any asset, including an object, land or real estate, intellectual property.
Definition Refers to all aspects required by law with respect to packaging/re-packaging and labelling, such as: full details of product identification, composition, safety precaution, storage, instructions and summary of uses, warnings, provisions on packaging/recycling, etc.
Definition Pastoralism refers to livestock-based livelihood and food systems relying on seasonal mobility of animals and people within and across borders.
×
payments for ecosystem services/ payment for environmental services (PES)
العربية
الدفع مقابل خدمات النظم الإيكولوجية / الدفع مقابل الخدمات البيئية
中文
生态系统服务补偿/环境服务付费
Français
rémunération des services des écosystèmes/Paiement des services environnementaux
Русский
плата за экосистемные услуги/плата за экологические услуги
Español
pago por servicios ecosistémicos/pago por servicios ambientales
Definition Payments for ecosystem services (PES) occur when a beneficiary or user of an ecosystem service makes a direct or indirect payment to the provider of that service. The idea is that whoever preserves or maintains an ecosystem service should be paid for doing so.
Definition Any substance intended for preventing, destroying, attracting, repelling, or controlling any pest including unwanted species of plants or animals during the production, storage, transport, distribution and processing of food, agricultural commodities, or animal feeds or which may be administered to animals for the control of ectoparasites.
Definition Pests are destructive insects or other animals that attacks crops, food, livestock, etc. Disease is a deviation from the state of complete physical or social well-being of an organism involving a well-defined set of symptoms and etiology, and leading to an impairment of its normal function.
×
PIC-prior informed consent
العربية
الموافقة المسبقة عن علم
中文
PIC-事先知情同意
Français
ICP-information et consentement préalables
Русский
ПОС-предварительно обоснованное согласие
Español
ICP-procedimiento de información y consentimiento previos
Definition In the context of Access Benefit Sharing and the Nagoya Protocol, PIC refers to the administrative permit given by the competent national authority of a provider country to a user, prior to accessing genetic resources. In the context of the Rotterdam Convention, a PIC procedure is established to ensure that restricted hazardous chemicals are not exported to countries that do not wish to receive them.
Definition The plant production system encompassing the basic genetic and physiological regulations on plant growth, the impact on growth of soil, water, nutrients, disease and pests and the influence of management processes.
Definition Preventing, destroying or controlling any pest causing harm during or otherwise interfering with the production, processing, storage, transport or marketing of food, agricultural commodities, wood and wood products.
Definition A plant grouping, within a single botanical taxon of the lowest known rank, defined by the reproducible expression of its distinguishing and other genetic characteristics. A variety may be represented by seed, transplants, plants, tubers, tissue culture plantlets, and other forms.
Definition Planting material means any part of the plant that can be used for reproduction. Seeds - the unit of reproduction of a flowering plant, capable of developing into another such plant.
Definition Policy is the course of action for an undertaking adopted by a government, a person or another party. Instruments that exist to support policy and tools used to achieve policy objectives include some or all of the following: societal instruments, economic and command-and-control instruments, direct government involvement and institutional and organizational arrangements. Planning is the plotting of a course of action (involving executive action or enforcement) which is proposed to carry-out some proceeding, devising the relative positions and timing of a set of actions.
Definition The principle that countries or private companies or even individuals should in some way compensate others for the effects of pollution that they (or their citizens) generate or have generated.
Definition Pollution control is a term used in environmental management. It means the control of emissions and effluents into air, water or soil. Without pollution control, the waste products from overconsumption, heating, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and other human activities, whether they accumulate or disperse, will degrade the environment.
Definition As a tool to combat IUU fishing, Port State Measures (PSM) are requirements established or interventions undertaken by port states which a foreign fishing vessel must comply with or is subjected to as a condition for use of ports within the port state. National PSM would typically include requirements related to prior notification of port entry, use of designated ports, restrictions on port entry and landing/transhipment of fish, restrictions on supplies and services, documentation requirements and port inspections, as well as related measures, such as IUU vessel listing, trade-related measures and sanctions.
Definition Relates to post-harvest procedures such as chemotherapy, fumigation, thermotherapy, as well as to specific products used for post-harvest purposes.
Definition A pronounced deprivation of well-being related to lack of material income or consumption, low levels of education and health, vulnerability and exposure to risk, and voicelessness and powerlessness.
Definition Principle adopted by the UN Conference on Environment and Development (1992) that in order to protect the environment, a precautionary approach should be widely applied, meaning that where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage to the environment, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation.
×
prescription/adverse possession
العربية
وصفة الامتلاك / حيازة سلبية
中文
长期占有/逆权侵占
Français
prescription acquisitive/usucapion
Русский
право приобретательной давности/противопоставленное владение
Definition Prescription is the manner of acquiring property by a long, honest, and uninterrupted possession or use during the time required by law. Adverse possession is a legal principle under which a person who does not have legal title to a piece of property — usually land — acquires legal ownership based on continuous possession or occupation of the property without the permission of its legal owner.
Definition Exploitation of a private forest, private ownership of a forest, compulsory measures limiting the property right (such as measures against fire and desertification, requiring reforestation ...), participation in consortia of forest owners, production orientation.
Definition All activities relating to production/processing/manufacturing/transforming cycle. This keyword also includes facilities and premises where products are handled and processed.
Definition Property rights refer to a bundle of rights to use, control, and transfer assets, including land. These include the rights to occupy, enjoy, and use; to restrict others from entry or use; to dispose, buy, or inherit; to develop or improve; to cultivate; to sublet; to realize financial benefits; and to access services in association with land. Property rights can also include ideas and designs (copyrights, patents, and intellectual materials), as well as rights over “moveable property,” for example, cars, cows, mobile homes, and wildlife.
Definition Refers to any area specifically designated and delineated by law for protection purposes. The essence is that within the area, a special legal regime applies, including special restrictions and/or prohibitions.
Definition Protected forests subject to a particular legal regime, so declared in order to protect soil and water, stabilize steep slopes, maintain sustained yield of forest produce, conserve dry-zones and mangroves forests, conserve environment and biodiversity.
Definition Environmental protection is the practice of protecting the natural environment by individuals, organizations and governments. Its objectives are to conserve natural resources and the existing natural environment and, where possible, to repair damage and reverse trends.;
Definition Woodland and forest belonging to the State or to a local public entity, forest belonging to the public domain, forest estate, acquisition, delimitation, classified forest.
Definition Includes crown lands, national lands, State lands, government lands or a more general definition of the public domain related to land. Includes distribution, lease, sale, grants of, management, etc.
Definition The use of appropriate procedures for informing the public and in obtaining early and continuing participation in planning and decision making.
Definition PPP involves a contract between a public sector authority and a private party, in which the private party provides a public service or project and assumes substantial financial, technical and operational risk in the project.
Definition Waters deemed by law to form part of the public domain, as opposed to private water. They might include the territorial sea, groundwaters, as well as waterways, rivers, lakes and other water resources considered of public interest.
Definition Quarantine is defined as the official confinement of plants/animals subject to phytosanitary regulations for observation and research and for further inspection and/or testing. Quarantine regulations constitute a basic component of plant protection and animal health legislation and a form of State-organized measure to secure plant protection and animal health. Includes: plant/animal quarantine, inland quarantine, quarantine officers, harmful quarantine organisms and plants, the International Plant Quarantine Treatment Manual, detection and delimiting surveys, quarantine area, quarantine pest, quarantine treatments and procedures, quarantine station or facilities, post-entry quarantine, quarantine measures on custom-houses, etc.
Definition Energy that comes from a source and travels through some material or through space. Light, heat and sound are types of radiation. Includes ionizing radiation (radioactivity), electromagnetic radiation (gamma rays, X-rays, and ultraviolet, light, infrared, and radio waves.)
Definition Ranching/captive breeding is the process of breeding/ranching wildlife outside of their natural habitat in restricted conditions such as fauna reserves, zoos and other conservation facilities (ex situ).
Definition Ratification defines the act whereby a State indicates its consent to be bound by a treaty. Acts of acceptance or approval of a treaty have the same legal effect as acts of ratification and consequently express the consent of a State to be bound by a treaty.
Definition Area and percent of forest land managed for general recreation and tourism, in relation to the total area of forest land. Includes management of recreational forests, access.
Definition Energy sources that are, within a short time frame relative to the Earth’s natural cycles, sustainable, and include non-carbon technologies such as solar energy, hydropower, and wind, as well as carbon-neutral technologies such as biomass.
Definition A vertebrate animal of a class that includes snakes, lizards, crocodiles, turtles, and tortoises. They are distinguished by having a dry scaly skin and typically laying soft-shelled eggs on land.
Definition Measurement and valuation of natural capital - the stock of renewable and non-renewable resources that yields a flow of benefits to people. Natural capital includes clean air, water, energy, food and raw materials, among others.
Definition The right to use and/or harvest products from resources controlled by the State or owned by other persons. Rights of use are contemplated in special contracts such as lease, loan, usufruct, as well as in servitudes.
Definition The right to a healthy environment brings together all that humanity has learned about how human rights and the environment interact. It encompasses the environmental dimensions of the rights to life, health, food, water, sanitation, property, private life, culture, and non-discrimination, among others.
Definition The right to have regular, permanent and free access, either Directly or by means of financial purchases, to quantitatively and qualitatively adequate and sufficient food corresponding to the cultural traditions of the people to which the consumer belongs, and which ensures a physical and mental, individual and collective, fulfilling and dignified life free of fear.
Definition The right to water entitles everyone to have access to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic use. It incorporates the right to sanitation entitling everyone to have physical and affordable access to sanitation, in all spheres of life, that is safe, hygienic, secure, and socially and culturally acceptable and that provides privacy and ensures dignity.
Definition Risk assessment is the overall process of analysis and evaluation of a risk with regard to its impact and the likelihood of its being realized, and the selection of an appropriate risk response. Risk management is the process of identifying, selecting and implementing measures that can be applied to reduce the level of risk.
Definition A gnawing mammal of an order that includes rats, mice, squirrels, hamsters, porcupines, and their relatives, distinguished by strong constantly growing incisors and no canine teeth.
Definition Refers to any payment in the form of a fee, charge or royalty due in connection with any activity or service performed by a public or private authority, e.g., inspection process, application process to obtain an authorization, a licence or a permit, etc. Includes rate setting.
Definition Rural employment refers to any activity, occupation, work, business or service performed by rural people for remuneration, profit, social or family gain, or by force, in cash or kind, including under a contract of hire, written or oral, expressed or implied, and regardless if the activity is performed on a self-directed, part-time, full-time or casual basis. Rural employment is comprised of agricultural employment, which includes both on-farm self-employment and wage employment in the agricultural sector, as well as non-agricultural employment, which includes non-farm self-employment and wage employment.
Definition Saltwater intrusion is the movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to groundwater quality degradation, including drinking water sources, and other consequences. Siltation - Referring to the build up of silt (fine particles of soil, rock, mud, clay, dirt) that is suspended in rivers or other bodies of water.
Definition Interventions that deliver a meal or snack to children in the school setting, with the intent of improving attendance, enrollment, nutritional status and learning outcomes.;
Definition A smallholding is a small farm. In third world countries, smallholdings are usually farms supporting a single family with a mixture of cash crops and subsistence farming. A Peasant is a poor smallholder or agricultural laborer of low social status.
Definition A process of evaluating the likely impacts, both beneficial and adverse, of a proposed development that may affect the rights, which have an economic, social, cultural, civic and political dimension, as well as the well-being, vitality and viability, of an affected community – that is, the quality of life of a community as measured in terms of various socio-economic indicators, such as income distribution, physical and social integrity and protection of individuals and communities, employment levels and standards of housing and accommodation, infrastructure, services.
Definition Social protection is a set of interventions whose objective is to reduce social and economic risk and vulnerability, and to alleviate extreme poverty and deprivation: social assistance, social insurance, labour market protection.
Definition Soil conservation is the protection of soil from erosion and other types of deterioration, so as to maintain soil fertility and productivity. It generally includes watershed management and water management. Soil improvement concerns in the first place the appropriate management of problem soils. It also involves the improvement of degraded soils in terms of soil prevention, mitigation, and rehabilitation.
Definition Soil pollution refers to the presence in the soil of a chemical or substance out of place and/or present at a higher than normal concentration that has adverse effects on any non-targeted organism. Soil quality refers to the soil's biological, chemical, and physical properties and processes and its capacity to perform essential ecosystem services.
Definition Any solid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous materials discarded from industrial, commercial, mining, or agricultural operations, and from community activities. Solid waste includes garbage, construction debris, commercial refuse, sludge from water supply or waste treatment plants, or air pollution control facilities, and other discarded materials.
Definition Foods prepared to meet the particular nutritional needs of persons whose normal processes of assimilation or metabolism are modified, or who require a controlled intake of food or certain nutrients.
Definition Any fund that is established for a specific purpose (e.g. food security fund, pest management strategies, land improvement fund, aquaculture development fund, land acquisition fund, etc.).
Definition Provisions establishing requirements against which natural resources and products must conform. Standards may be "compulsory" or "recommended"
×
stock enhancement/repopulation
العربية
تعزيز المخزون / إعادة تعمير
中文
种群增殖/种群恢复
Français
re-empoissonnement/repeuplement
Русский
наращивание запасов/пополнение численности биологических видов
Definition Agreement between two or more of the constituent states of a federal State, e.g. between the federation and the states, or any agreement between public authorities within a sovereign state.
Definition Subsidies-Payment or benefit given to partially offset the cost of specific activities, such as the manufacture, production, or export of an article. Incentives - Generally refers to financial incentives (compensation, interest subsidies, production subsidies, tax exemption, tax reduction, grants, bonuses, rewards, loans with low interest rates, etc.) set by a government in order to support the management and development of a given sector.
Definition Sugar cane is a perennial grass (replanted at certain intervals using pieces of the cane stalk) cultivated mainly between the tropics all over the world. In certain countries, sugar cane is also eaten raw in non-negligible quantities and used for feed. Sugar beet - A biennial plant grown as an annual crop, propagated by flower seeds, chiefly for the manufacture of sugar from its roots.
Definition All water naturally open to the atmosphere, including rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, impoundments, seas, estuaries and wetlands. The term also covers springs, wells or other collectors of water that are directly influenced by surface waters.
Definition The measuring of parcels/plots of land and the determining of its boundaries. Including survey practices; training, registration, licensing and qualification of surveyors; survey standards. Used also when Survey Boards are created. Hydrographic surveys support a variety of activities: nautical charting, port and harbor maintenance (dredging), coastal engineering (beach erosion and replenishment studies), coastal zone management, and offshore resource development. Surveys are concerned with water depth and the nature of the sea floor material.
Definition Sustainable development is the organizing principle for meeting human development goals while simultaneously sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services on which the economy and society depend. The desired result is a state of society where living conditions and resources are used to continue to meet human needs without undermining the integrity and stability of the natural system. Sustainable development can be defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Definition Use of resources in a way and at a rate that does not lead to the long-term degradation of the environment, thereby maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of present and future generations.
Definition Any of various stout-bodied short-legged omnivorous artiodactyl mammals (family Suidae) with a thick bristly skin and a long flexible snout.
Definition Territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) from the baseline (usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal state. The territorial sea is regarded as the sovereign territory of the state, although foreign ships (military and civilian) are allowed innocent passage through it, or transit passage for straits; this sovereignty also extends to the airspace over and seabed below.
Definition a type of mineral water that is located deep underground which contains healing properties and is exempt from bacteria and pollution. Naturally pure and rich in mineral salts, iodine and CO2, thermal water is recognized for its therapeutic properties, particularly those that concern the skin.
Definition Any wood or tree which has felled or has been felled or cut off and all wood whether unsawn, hewn, sawn or machined, split, or otherwise cut up or fashioned but does not include any article manufactured from such wood or firewood.
Definition Toxicity means a physiological or biological property which determines the capacity of a chemical to do harm or produce injury to a living organism by other than mechanical means. Poisoning means occurrence of damage or disturbance caused by a poison, and includes intoxication.
Definition The Export, re-export, import and introduction from the sea of a species, i.e. an animal or plant, whether alive or dead, any recognizable part or derivate thereof.
Definition Traditional knowledge (TK), indigenous knowledge (IK), traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and local knowledge generally refer to knowledge systems embedded in the cultural traditions of regional, indigenous, or local communities.
Definition Traditional or customary rights' refer to established, traditional patterns of norms that can be observed within a particular socio-cultural setting.
Definition Environmental effects in adjacent State territories caused by various sources, i.e. underwater noise, marine discharges, atmospheric emissions, accidental events.
Definition Any movement of hazardous wastes or other wastes from an area under the national jurisdiction of one State to or through an area under the national jurisdiction of another State or to or through an area not under the national jurisdiction of any State, provided at least two States are involved in the movement.
Definition Transfer rights refer to the owner's right to give up to new owners the right to carry out any material and legal act of alteration, destruction, alienation or abandonment.
Definition Transportation provides the physical means of carrying goods from one place to another. Storage is the process concerned with retaining and preserving the goods.
Definition Transshipment means the unloading of goods from one ship and its loading into another to complete a journey to a further destination, even when the cargo may have to remain ashore some time before its onward journey.
Definition An uncodified constitution is the fundamental law of a sovereign state whose text is not embodied in a single document and is based upon customs, usage, judicial precedent and a variety of statutes and legal instruments.
Definition A unitary state is a system of political organization in which the power resides in a centralized government, in contrast to a federal state. The central government is ultimately supreme and may create (or abolish) administrative divisions (sub-national units). Such units exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate.
Definition "Urban" agriculture refers to small areas (e.g. vacant plots, gardens, verges, balconies, containers) within the city for growing crops and raising small livestock or milk cows for own-consumption or sale in neighborhood markets. "Peri-urban" agriculture refers to farm units close to town which operate intensive semi- or fully commercial farms to grow vegetables and other horticulture, raise chickens and other livestock, and produce milk and eggs.
Definition Urban areas are generally characterized by moderate and higher density residential, commercial, and industrial development, and the availability of public services required for that development, specifically central water and sewer, an extensive road network, public transit, and other such services (for example, safety and emergency response).
Definition The immunisation of susceptible animals through the administration of a vaccine comprising antigens appropriate to the disease to be controlled.
Definition A vegetable is the edible portion of a plant. Vegetables are usually grouped according to the portion of the plant that is eaten such as leaves (lettuce), stem (celery), roots (carrot), tubers (potato), bulbs (onion) and flowers (broccoli). Legume - the fruit or seed of plants of the legume family (such as peas or beans) used for food.
Definition Rights belonging to a person as a property interest which cannot be impaired or taken away (as through retroactive legislation) without the consent of the owner. Including acquired rights, established rights, customary rights, community rights.
Definition The collection , sorting, and transport of waste as well as its tipping above or under ground. Includes also waste dumping, i.e. the disposal of waste without environmental controls.
Definition Household or Domestic Waste – Solid waste, composed of garbage and rubbish, which normally originates from residential, private households, or apartment buildings. Domestic waste may contain a significant amount of toxic or hazardous waste from improperly discarded pesticides, paints, batteries, and cleaners.
Definition Waste management is a set of activities that include the following: 1)collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste; 2) control, monitoring and regulation of the production, collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste; and 3) prevention of waste production through in-process modification, reuse and recycling. The term usually relates to all kinds of waste, whether generated during the extraction of raw materials, the processing of raw materials into intermediate and final products, the consumption of final products, or other human activities,] including municipal (residential, institutional, commercial), agricultural, and special (health care, household hazardous wastes, sewage sludge). Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on health, the environment or aesthetics.
Definition Any solid, semi-solid or wastewater discarded from industrial, commercial, mining, or agricultural operations, and from community activities. Includes the runoff from areas that received pollutants associated with industrial or commercial storage, handling, or processing.
Definition Measures or techniques that reduce the amount and/or toxicity of wastes generated during industrial production processes.The term is also applied to recycling and other efforts to reduce the amount of waste going into the waste stream.
Definition Water abstraction is the process of taking water from any source, either temporarily or permanently, for flood control or to obtain water for, for example, irrigation.
Definition Water charges refers to the payments that a beneficiary makes for a water service (domestic supply, irrigation, etc.). The action of establishing the price, or tariff, on the basis of which water charges are calculated is often referred to as water pricing but is clearly very different from the formal economic ‘pricing’ of water as a natural resource, where the notion of shadow pricing applies.
Definition Designated area put in place to safeguard the safe and secure use and sufficient quantities of surface water and groundwater for drinking water production or the conservation of habitat or species directly depending on the water zone.
Definition Water resources management (WRM)- the process of planning, developing, and managing water resources, in terms of both water quantity and quality, across all water uses.
Definition The right to abstract, use and transfer water. It also includes the ownership of water. Usually in the form of a permit, but water rights can have different sources such as custom (established use) or ownership of (riparian) land.
Definition Supply of water for domestic, commercial, thermoelectric power, industrial, public water uses (fountains, fire hydrants, field delivery point, etc.).
Definition Areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters.
Definition Products derived from any readily recognizable part or derivative of a wild species, such as elephant ivory, tiger products, corals, bushmeat.
