Definition "Abandoned land" means unused land, which was used in the past for the cultivation of food and feed crops but where the cultivation of food and feed crops was stopped due to biophysical or socioeconomic constraints; "Unoccupied land" is land that is not occupied by any person, is in a state of disuse, or for which it has not been possible to find any person, who by reason of an estate or vested interest, has a right to occupy the land.
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access and benefit-sharing
العربية
الحصول وتقاسم المنافع
中文
获取和惠益分享
Français
accès et partage des avantages
Русский
доступ к биологическим ресурсам и участие в доходах
Definition The way in which genetic resources may be accessed, and how the benefits that result from their use are shared between the people or countries using the resources (users) and the people or countries that provide them (providers).
Definition An authorization (access right), given to a user by a competent authority or by legislation, to exploit a resource or a share of a total allowable catch.
Definition Right of public access to any information held by the state; and any information that is held by another person and that is required for the exercise or protection of any rights.
Definition Access to justice is a basic principle of the rule of law. In the absence of access to justice, people are unable to have their voice heard, exercise their rights, challenge discrimination or hold decision-makers accountable.
Definition Afforestation is the establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land that, until then, was under a different land use, implies a transformation of land use from non-forest to forest. Reforestation is the re-establishment of forest through planting and/or deliberate seeding on land classified as forest.;
Definition Development of crops, livestock farming, soil fertility, etc. creating the conditions for the fulfillment of agricultural potential, by allocation of inputs, availability of technology, accumulation of knowledge.
Definition Agroecology is a scientific discipline, a set of practices and a social movement. As a science, it studies how different components of the agroecosystem interact. As a set of practices, it seeks sustainable farming systems that optimize and stabilize yields. As a social movement, it pursues multifunctional roles for agriculture, promotes social justice, nurtures identity and culture, and strengthens the economic viability of rural areas.
Definition Agroforestry is a land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland. This intentional combination of agriculture and forestry has varied benefits, including increased biodiversity and reduced erosion.
Definition A species occurring in an area outside of its natural range as a result of intentional or accidental dispersal by human activities. The term includes any part, gametes or other biological material capable of propagating that species. Also referred to as non-indigenous, exotic species.
Definition Allocation of resources refers to the apportionment of productive assets among different uses. Quotas refer to a limited quantity of a particular product which under official controls can be harvested, produced, exported, or imported.
Definition Class of vertebrates including the (tail-less) frogs and toads (anurans), newts and salamanders, and worm-like (leg-less) Apoda. Animals having a vertebral column or backbone.
Definition Includes: artificial insemination, semen, semen production/collection centres, deep-frozen bovine semen, embryo transfers, in vitro fertilization, etc. See also "biotechnology".
Definition How an animal is coping with the conditions in which it lives. An animal is in a good state of welfare if (as indicated by scientific evidence) it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express innate behaviour and if it is not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear and distress.
Definition AMR refers to when micro-organisms – bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites – evolve resistance to antimicrobial substances, like antibiotics. This can occur naturally through adaption to the environment, the pace of AMR's spread is now on the uptick due to inappropriate and excessive use of antimicrobials.
Definition Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of bee colonies by humans in order to collect their honey and other products that the hive produce (including beeswax, propolis, flower pollen, bee pollen, and royal jelly), to pollinate crops, or to produce bees for sale to other beekeepers. Sericulture, or silk farming, is the cultivation of silkworms to produce silk.
Definition Cultivation of plants or breeding of animals in water (embracing freshwater and brackish culture, fish farming). The farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants with some sort of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc.
Definition Plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater). Aquatic plants can only grow in water or in soil that is permanently saturated with water. They are therefore a common component of wetlands.
Definition There is no universal definition for what type of fisheries or aquaculture count as ‘artisanal’ or ‘small-scale’. Commonly, these terms are used for describing fisheries and aquaculture that use relatively small production units with low input and output, and low levels of technology or capital investment. Fishing for sport or recreation are excluded.;
Definition Individual right entitling the holder to undertake specific activities, i.e. application, conditions attached to licence, duration, renewal, refusal, suspension, withdrawal, transferability, forms, revocation and cancellation.
Definition An elevation over which the depth of water is relatively shallow, but normally sufficient for safe surface navigation. The bank of rivers and lakes.
Definition Variety among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems (Article 2 of the Convention on Biodiversity).
Definition Covers all energy forms derived from organic fuels (biofuels) of biological origin used for energy production. It comprises both purpose-grown energy crops, as well as multipurpose plantations and by-products (residues and wastes). The term by-products includes solid, liquid and gaseous by-products derived from human activities. Biomass may be considered as one form of transformed solar energy.
Definition Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests such as insects, mites, weeds and plant diseases using other organisms. This keyword refers to the licensing, use, storage, labelling, certification, safety, biological pest control agents, organisms and micro-organisms, pathogens.
Definition Biosafety is a term used to describe efforts to reduce and eliminate the potential risks resulting from biotechnology and its products. For the purposes of the Biosafety Protocol, this is based on the precautionary approach, whereby the lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as an excuse to postpone action when there is a threat of serious or irreversible damage.
Definition Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems promoting solutions to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use. They are internationally recognized, nominated by national governments and remain under sovereign jurisdiction of the states where they are located. UNESCO provides the secretariat of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves in accordance with the provisions of the Statutory Framework.
Definition "Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivates thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use"(Convention on Biological Diversity).
Definition Infant milk substitutes, feeding bottles, "natural" food, formula, dry milk. Also refers to national public information campaigns to promote breastfeeding, to the International Code on marketing of breast milk substitutes, etc.
Definition Plant breeders' rights (PBRs) protect, in principle, the propagating material of plant varieties. This keyword is used for provisions regarding the granting of proprietary rights to breeders of certain new varieties of plants and fungi; PBR assignment duration, application procedure, conditions for grant and revocation of the rights.
Definition A subset of the economy, excluding the economic activities of general government, private households, and nonprofit organizations serving individuals.
Definition The part of catch unintentionally captured during a fishing operation, in addition to target species, and consisting of discards and incidental catches of vulnerable species.
Definition Cadastre is a public record, survey, or map of the value, extent, and ownership of land as a basis of taxation. Land registration is the official recording of legally recognised interests in land and is usually part of a cadastral system. From a legal perspective a distinction can be made between deeds registration, where the documents filed in the registry are the evidence of title, and registration of title, in which the register itself serves as the primary evidence.
Definition The aim of capacity development and capacity building is to help governments, organisations and people attain a level of self-sufficiency that enables them to effectively manage their own affairs. Capacity building is facilitated through the provision of technical support activities, including coaching, training, specific technical assistance and resource networking.
Definition Cartilaginous fishes are jawed vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, scales, a heart with its chambers in series, and skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone. The class is divided into two subclasses: Elasmobranchii (sharks, rays, skates, and sawfish) and Holocephali (chimaeras, sometimes called ghost sharks, which are sometimes separated into their own class). Also include “Picked dogfish" , “Spurdog”, “Dogfish”, “Porbeagle”, “Catshark”.
Definition Process that guarantees compliance with foreseen standards and requirements. Refers to all procedures prescribed by law for obtaining a certificate.
Definition A Civil Code is a codification of private law relating to persons, family, property, inheritance, obligations and contracts. In some jurisdictions, some core areas of private law (commercial and corporate law) are codified under a separate commercial code.;A Civil Code is a codification of private law relating to persons, family, property, inheritance, obligations and contracts. In some jurisdictions, some core areas of private law (commercial and corporate law) are codified under a separate commercial code.;
Definition Classification refers to an administrative decision to place something within a legal category subject to specific rules. Declassification refers to an administrative decision that moves something from a legal category subject to specific rules to a category subject to ordinary law.
Definition One of the flexibility mechanisms defined in the Kyoto Protocol (IPCC, 2007) that provides for emissions reduction projects which generate Certified Emission Reduction units which may be traded in emissions trading schemes.
Definition Chemical and biological agents to remove food residue, dirt, grease or other objectionable matter and/or reduce the number of micro-organisms to a level that does not compromise food safety and public health. Cleaning products may contain toxic chemicals, some of which emit volatile organic compounds causing respiratory, dermatological and environmental harm.
Definition A change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcings, or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use.
Definition The "Codex Alimentarius" is a collection of international standards for the safety and quality of food as well as codes of good manufacturing practice and other guidelines to protect the health of the consumer and remove unfair practices in international trade.
Definition The core feature of locally developed, decentralised resource management is that user communities are ceded the rights and have the responsibilities for managing their own resources, typically using a mix of traditional or more formalised mechanisms of contract and enforcement to define access, exploitation methods and intensity. There is a wide range of scope and practice in community-based management, depending on existing social contexts, resource features and the level of external partnership.
Definition Contractual right entitling the beneficiary to exploit a body of water or expanse of land belonging to the State for a particular use. Application, conditions attached to concession, duration, renewal, refusal, revocation, suspension, transferability and withdrawal.
Definition Herbs are the leaves from shrubs, best fresh although dried are common, used to add aroma to a dish. Spices are dried seeds, root, bark or other vegetable matter, used to add flavour and colour to a dish. Condiments are added to a dish to add or complement its flavour. They are often prepared mixes (like mustard or soy sauce), although the broad definition can include spices (e.g. pepper).
Definition The body or branch of law concerned with the study, interpretation, and application of a country or state’s constitution, including the issues of governance, the powers of the branches and levels of government, civil liberties, and civil rights.
Definition Consumer protection covers the following areas: physical safety, promotion and protection of consumers' economic interests, standards for the safety and quality of consumer goods and services, distribution facilities for essential consumer goods and services, measures enabling consumers to obtain redress, education and information programmes, measures relating to specific areas (food, water, and pharmaceuticals), and promotion of sustainable consumption.
Definition The continental shelf of a coastal State comprises the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin, or to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured where the outer edge of the continental margin does not extend up to that distance (article 76 of the Law of the Sea Convention).
Definition Contract farming can be defined as agricultural production carried out according to an agreement between a buyer and farmers, which establishes conditions for the production and marketing of a farm product or products. Typically, the farmer agrees to provide agreed quantities of a specific agricultural product. These should meet the quality standards of the purchaser and be supplied at the time determined by the purchaser. In turn, the buyer commits to purchase the product and, in some cases, to support production through, for example, the supply of farm inputs, land preparation and the provision of technical advice.
Definition A corporation or association established to give economic services to its members without gain to itself. Includes agricultural cooperatives, cooperative societies, peasant associations, fishermen's cooperatives, etc.
Definition COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus SARS-Cov-2, which had not been previously identified in humans.
Definition A body of people presided over by a judge, judges, or magistrate, and acting as a tribunal in civil and criminal cases. A Tribunal is a body established to settle certain types of dispute.
Definition A contractual agreement in which a borrower receives something of value now and agrees to repay the lender at some date in the future, generally with interest. The term also refers to the borrowing capacity of an individual or company.
Definition A large group of mainly aquatic arthropods which include crabs, lobsters, shrimps, woodlice, barnacles, and many minute forms. They are very diverse, but most have four or more pairs of limbs and several other appendages.
Definition Cultural Heritage is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on from generation to generation, including customs, practices, places, objects, artistic expressions and values.
Definition Any wild, exotic, or venomous animal or other animal which, because of its size, disposition, or other characteristic, would constitute a danger to persons or property.
Definition Defined by article1 of the Law of the Sea as the sea-bed and ocean floor and subsoil thereof beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. The area underneath the High Seas.
Definition The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) defines desertification as "land degradation in arid, semi-arid, and dry subhumid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities"
Definition Refers to fish that make migrations between the sea and fresh water, may be in either direction and not necessarily related to spawning , i.e. sturgeons, passlefishes, salmons, trout, river eels, etc
Definition Sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own resources. Though often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins.
Definition Relates to alternate dispute settlement mechanisms such as arbitration, mediation, conciliation, negotiation, enquiry, resort to agencies or arrangements, Alternative Dispute Resolution. It excludes judicial settlement of disputes, which is covered by keyword "special court/tribunal".
Definition Includes the drainage of swamps, marshes and lowlands for development and hygiene purposes, drainage of land, poldering of land, pumping of marshes, etc.
Definition Early Warning System - Systems which predict or forecast the formation or movement of a potentially disastrous phenomenon which may develop into or cause a disaster, natural or otherwise. Emergency intervention system - a comprehensive management system which integrates the response to emergencies. This system provides the governance structure and the operational facilities to respond to emergencies.
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ecofriendly products/ecofriendly processes
العربية
المنتجات الصديقة للبيئة / عمليات صديقة للبيئة
中文
生态友好的产品/生态友好型工艺
Français
éco-produits/processus écologique
Русский
экологически чистые продукты/ экологически чистые процессы
Definition Eco-friendly products are products that do not harm the environment, whether in their production, use or disposal. Some of these going green products when in use, help conserve energy, minimize carbon footprint or the emission of greenhouse gases, and does not lead to substantial toxicity or pollution to the environment. Other green products are biodegradable, recyclable or compostable. Hence, they do not harm the environment or upset the ecological balance when they are disposed of. There are also eco-friendly products that are made out of recycled materials. These recycle products help reduce the need for new raw materials and the amount of waste sent to landfills and incinerators (because waste can be diverted to making recycled products).
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ecological production/organic production
العربية
الإنتاج الأيكولوجي / الانتاج العضوي
中文
生态生产/有机生产
Français
production écologique/production biologique
Русский
экологическое производство/органическое производство
Definition Relates to the organic form of production, i.e. without the use of chemical products and pesticides, and to biological and organic products.
Definition Ecosystem refers to the variety of habitats and communities of different species that interact in a complex web of interdependent relationships. From an ecological standpoint, preservation is defined as maintaining an intact ecosystem so that it functions at the same level as it has historically. Preservation also commonly entails prohibiting any human use that could compromise ecosystem function.
Definition The Law of the Sea Convention establishes a special legal regime of the Exclusive Economic Zone, which is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea and which shall not extend beyond 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured. Provisions may concern the right and duties of the coastal state in this zone (exploitation, exploration - for purposes of scientific research for instance - conservation and management of the natural resources/marine environment), the rights and duties of other states in this zone.
Definition Refers to liquid waste, including provisions regarding pollutants, effluent, waste water, waste water treatment, quality standards of receiving waters, waste water recycling. Includes sources of pollution not associated with a distinct discharge point, such as rainwater, runoff from agricultural lands, timber operations.
Definition Environmental Impact Assessment is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
Definition In the climate change context, emissions refer to the release of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors and aerosols into the atmosphere over a specified area and period of time.
Definition A market-based approach to achieving environmental objectives that allows, those reducing greenhouse gas emissions below what is required, to use or trade the excess reductions to offset emissions at another source inside or outside the country. In general, trading can occur at the intracompany, domestic, and international levels.
Definition Species classified by an objective process (e.g. national "Red Book") as being in IUCN categories "critically endangered" and "endangered". A species is considered to be "critically endangered" when it is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future. It is considered "endangered" when it is not critically endangered but is still facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future.
Definition Energy conservation is the effort made to reduce the consumption of energy by using less of an energy service. This can be achieved either by using energy more efficiently or by reducing the amount of service used.
Definition Compliance: the state of conformity with regulatory requirements including, but not limited to, legislative provisions, regulations, rules, standards, and orders. Enforcement: actions taken to induce, encourage, or compel compliance with regulatory requirements.
Definition Most environmental taxes are designed primarily to raise revenue, often to fund environmental protection activities. The economic rationale behind such taxes is that those who cause pollution should bear the costs. Such costs include both damages to the environment and the administrative costs incurred by the authorities that regulate polluters. To be economically efficient, environmental taxes should reflect both of these costs.
Definition Environmental security can be interpreted broadly to cover any major ecological development that seriously threatens the welfare of human societies, even without increasing the likelihood of war. Such threats are posed by the panoply of environmental problems, which include depletion of the ozone layer, global warming, desertification, deforestation, and the loss of biodiversity, that are collectively referred to under the rubric "global change."
Definition An environmental standard is a policy guideline that regulates the effect of human activity upon the environment. Standards may specify a desired state (e.g. lake pH should be between 6.5 and 7.5) or limit alterations (e.g. no more than 50% of natural forest may be damaged).
Definition Tools, equipment and machinery to carry out farm operations efficiently from the viewpoint of financial and capital costs as well as social and environmental costs.
Definition Provisions designed to protect soil from the wearing away of soil by wind or water, intensified by land-clearing practices related to farming, residential or industrial development, road building, or logging.
Definition Involuntary sale or transfer of land/property to the State or Government. Includes eminent domain, government acquisition of land, acquisition of land for public purposes. Usually features in planning laws, but may also be the topic of separate legislation. Includes the procedures of expropriation, entitlements and determination of compensation etc. In the area of "Water" it is mainly used in the context of irrigation and water supply.
Definition Measures adopted for the ex-situ conservation of components of biological diversity, establishment and maintenance facilities for ex-situ conservation of and research on plants, animals and micro-organisms, measures for the recovery and rehabilitation of threatened species and for their reintroduction into their natural habitats under appropriate conditions, regulation and management collection of biological resources from natural habitats for ex-situ conservation purposes so as not to threaten ecosystems and in-situ populations of species, establishment and maintenance of ex- situ conservation facilities. (Extracted from Convention on Biological Diversity, Article 9).
Definition Technical field support. Extension services are one component of a government's (or agency's) plan to improve, through assistance and supervision, agricultural productivity.
Definition Family farming includes all family-based agricultural activities, and it is linked to several areas of rural development. Family farming is a means of organizing agricultural, forestry, fisheries, pastoral and aquaculture production which is managed and operated by a family and predominantly reliant on family labour, including both women’s and men’s.
Definition FAO Resolution 5/89 defines farmers' rights as rights arising from the past, present and future contribution of farmers in conserving, improving and making available plant genetic resources, particularly those in the centres of origin/diversity. The protection of farmers’ rights includes the protection of traditional knowledge relevant to plant genetic resources, the right to equitably participate in sharing benefits arising from their utilization, and the right to participate in making decisions, at the national level, on matters related to their conservation and sustainable use (International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, art. 9).
Definition Techniques and requirements directed to cultivation and farming practices of specific crops. Methods compatible with the requirements of the protection of the environment and maintenance of the countryside.
Definition Any intentionally added ingredient not normally consumed as feed by itself, whether or not it has nutritional value, which affects the characteristics of feed or animal products.
Definition Fertilizer: a substance that is used to provide nutrients to plants, usually via application to the soil, but also to foliage or through water in rice systems, fertigation, hydroponics or aquaculture operations. Nutrients: Elements essential for normal growth and reproduction of plants, generally not including carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Definition Measures that include the circulation of money, the granting of credit, the making of investments, and the provision of banking facilities in the agricultural sector.
Definition Fiscal measures are policy instruments using government revenue collection (mainly taxes) and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy. Market measures are policy instruments that use markets, price, and other economic variables to provide incentives for producers and consumers.
Definition The integrated process of information gathering, analysis, planning, consultation, decision-making, allocation of resources and formulation and implementation, with enforcement as necessary, of regulations or rules which govern fisheries activities in order to ensure the continued productivity of the resources and the accomplishment of other fisheries objectives.
Definition An area to which a specific regime for fishing applies. This regime may apply to a specific fisheries and may also generally restrict or prohibit fisheries.
Definition Any fishing device such as nets, lines, etc. (individual or collective). May also refer to the import, export, sale, possession of such gears. Provisions on fishing methods, such as the use of explosives or electricity, etc.
Definition Any vessel used for fishing (including sport fishing) or for the storage, transhipment, refuelling or supplying of other fishing vessels. It also includes vessels processing fish at sea.
Definition Food assistance refers to the set of public or private interventions designed to provide access to food to vulnerable and food insecure persons, groups or populations.
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food quality control/food safety
العربية
ضبط جودة الأغذية / السلامة الغذائية
中文
食品质量控制/食品安全
Français
contrôle de qualité alimentaire/innocuité des produits alimentaires
Русский
контроль качества продовольствия/безопасность пищевых продуктов
Español
control de calidad de los alimentos/inocuidad de los alimentos
Definition Food quality control - Food quality control is the inspection, analysis, and other relevant actions taken to provide control over what is being done, manufactured, or fabricated, so that a desirable level of quality is achieved and maintained. Food safety -Activities to protect the food supply from microbial, chemical, allergenic and physical hazards that may occur during all stages of food production and handling.
Definition A situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. Based on the definition, four food security dimensions can be identified: food availability, economic and physical access to food, food utilization and stability over time.
Definition The right of people to define their own policies and strategies for the sustainable production, distribution and consumption of food, with respect for their own cultures and their own systems of managing natural resources and rural areas, and is considered to be a precondition for food security.
Definition Food waste or food loss is food that is discarded or lost uneaten. The causes of food waste or loss are numerous, and occur at the stages of production, processing, retailing and consumption.
Definition Provisions that regulate and/or restrict the ownership of land, or other rights to land, by foreigners, foreign organisations or foreign companies.
Definition Forest conservation means all activities to preserve and rehabilitate forests, in particular activities designed to protect or restore the biological diversity and ecological functions of the forest ecosystem, while securing as far as possible their current and future value for mankind and in particular for forest-dependent people. Forest management means the management and use of forests and wooded lands in a way, and at a rate, that maintains their biological diversity, productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality and their potential to fulfill, now and in the future, relevant ecological, economic and social functions, at local, national, and global levels, without causing any damage to other ecosystems.
Definition Measures aimed at prevention and control of damage to forests caused by man, animals, insects, fungi, injurious plants and adverse climatic factors.
Definition Framework laws are laws used to legislate on multisectoral matters in a consistent, coordinated and comprehensive fashion, laying down general principles and obligations while leaving the details to lower-level laws and giving the competent authorities the power to define the necessary measures within the framework established by law.
Definition Fraudulent practices involving food may be reduced to the following types of offenses: deceit, adulteration, sale of adulterated food and the sale of spoiled food or otherwise unfit for human consumption. Their common characteristic is that they imply in principle bad faith on the part of the person committing the offence.;Adulteration of food consists in its alteration with intent to deceive, e.g., the addition of unauthorized substances, the unlawful removal of nutritive principles or the substitution of ingredients (e.g., wine adulterated with methyl alcohol).
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Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC)
العربية
الموافقة الحرة والمسبقة والمستنيرة
中文
自由、事先和知情同意
Français
Le consentement préalable, donné librement et en connaissance de cause (CPLCC)
Definition Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) is a specific right that pertains to indigenous peoples and is recognised in the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). It allows them to give or withhold consent to a project that may affect them or their territories. Once they have given their consent, they can withdraw it at any stage. Furthermore, FPIC enables them to negotiate the conditions under which the project will be designed, implemented, monitored and evaluated. This is also embedded within the universal right to self-determination.
Definition The quality of surface water in rivers and streams, lakes, ponds and wetlands is determined by interactions with soil, transported solids (organics, sediments), rocks, groundwater and the atmosphere. It may also be significantly affected by agricultural, industrial, mineral and energy extraction, urban and other human actions, as well as by atmospheric inputs.
Definition All efforts (scientific, technical, institutional, managerial, legal, and operational) related to the optimum use of freshwater to meet human and ecosystem needs.
Definition Refers to the social, economic and cultural roles and relations between women and men, taking into account their different access to and control over the resources, as well as their responsibilities in a given culture or location and in different population groups (children, aged people, ethnic groups, socio-economic, etc.)
Definition Genetically Modified Organism. The modification of the genetic characteristics of a microorganism, plant or animal by inserting a modified gene or a gene from another variety or species.
Definition A good practice is a process or methodology that is ethical, fair, and replicable, has been shown to work well, succeeds in achieving its objective(s), and therefore can be recommended as a model.
Definition The exercise of political, economic and administrative authority in the management of a country's affairs at all levels. Governance is a neutral concept referring to the complex mechanisms, processes, relationships and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their rights and obligations and mediate their differences.
Definition Grazing is land where farm animals feed on grass. Transhumance is a system of pastoralism wherein livestock are moved between mountain pastures in summer and lower areas for the rest of the year.
Definition Water in soil beneath the soil surface, usually under conditions where the pressure in the water is greater than the atmospheric pressure, and the soil voids are substantially filled with the water.
Definition Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (System) HACCP has become synonymous with food safety. It is a worldwide-recognized systematic and preventive approach that addresses biological, chemical and physical hazards through anticipation and prevention, rather than through end-product inspection and testing.
Definition A substance which by reason of its chemical or physical properties, and based on technical, scientific and medical evidence, is determined to cause, or likely to cause through its handling, harm to human health or the environment.
Definition All parts of the sea that are not included in the exclusive economic zone, in the territorial sea or in the internal waters of a State, or in the archipelagic waters of an archipelagic State (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, article 86).
Definition Includes: hormonal substances, anabolics, use of substances with hormonal and tyrostatic effect for livestock, hormones to improve milk and meat production.
Definition Human rights are universal values and legal guarantees that protect individuals and groups against actions and omissions primarily by State agents that interfere with fundamental freedoms, entitlements and human dignity. The full spectrum of human rights involves respect for, and protection and fulfilment of, civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights, as well as the right to development. Human rights are universal— in other words, they belong inherently to all human beings—and are interdependent and indivisible.
Definition Hydropower plants capture the energy of falling water to generate electricity. A turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy. Then a generator converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy.
Definition Relates to all measures necessary to ensure the safety and wholesomeness of animals/animal products and food. These measures cover all stages after primary production up to supply to the consumer.
Definition People whose ancestors inhabited a place or a country when persons from another culture or ethnic background arrived on the scene and dominated them through conquest, settlement, or other means and who today live more in conformity with their own social, economic, and cultural customs and traditions than those of the country of which they now form a part (also referred to as “native,” “aboriginal,” or “tribal” peoples).
Definition Water used for industrial purposes such as fabrication, processing, washing, and cooling. Includes such industries as steel, chemical and allied products, paper and allied products, mining, and petroleum refining.
Definition It includes provisions for the protection of fresh or brackish water which is located inland, such as rivers, ponds, lakes, estuarine waters, canals, shared lakes.
Definition Inspection of products, premises, storage, sales establishments, vehicles, packaging, fishing vessels, etc. Inspection as opposed to enforcement refers to control of standards.;
Definition A continuous process through which decisions are made for the sustainable use, development, and protection of areas and resources. Integrated management acknowledges the relationships that exist among different uses and the environments they potentially affect. It is designed to overcome the fragmentation inherent in a sectoral approach, analyses the implications of development, conflicting uses, and promotes linkages and harmonization among various activities.
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integrated pest management-IPM/pest management strategies
العربية
المكافحة المتكاملة للآفات / استراتيجيات إدارة الآفات
中文
综合虫害管理-IPM /虫害治理策略
Français
gestion intégrée du risque phytosanitaire/stratégie phytosanitaire
Русский
интегрированное управление пестицидами ИУП/стратегии борьбы с вредителями
Español
manejo integrado de plagas/estrategias de manejo de plagas
Definition A strategy, approved by law, for the management or eradication of a particular pest or pests. Integrated Pest Management is defined as a combination of processes where the use of chemical plant protection products is limited to the necessary minimum, and priority consideration given to biological and biotechnological measures, as well as to other cropping and growth technologies. Relates to plant protection programmes and integrated pest control/management strategies at the national, regional or territorial level, as well as to plant protection barriers, plant protection coordination and advisory bodies. Includes the FAO "Programme on preventive action against plant and animal disease and transboundary pest" (EMPRES).
Definition Intellectual property rights allow the creators – or owners of patents, trademarks or copyrighted works – to benefit from their own work or investment in a creation.
Definition Use for every national text that puts an international agreement into effect. For some countries, international agreements have no effect in national law unless they are explicitly transformed into a law by the national legislation.
Definition Used exclusively to classify texts of international agreements, either separate or as part of national legislation. May also refer to agreements to which both States and international organizations are party.
Definition A collaborative relationship between entities to work toward shared objectives through a mutually agreed division of labour. At the country level, this means enganging under government leadership with national stakeholders and external partners (including international development agencies) in developing, implementing, and monitoring a country's own development strategy.
Definition Import/export/re-export and transit control of animals and animals products, food, fish products, plant products, forest products only as far as quality standards and safety requirements are concerned. Provisions strictly regarding trade are not included in the database.
Definition The authority of a court to deal with specific matters. Competence refers to the legal “ability” of a court to exert jurisdiction over a person or a “thing” (property) that is the subject of a suit. Jurisdiction, that which a competent court may exert, is the power to hear and determine a suit in court. Jurisdiction also may be defined as an authority conferred upon a court (thus making it competent) to hear and determine cases and causes. Jurisdictional authority is constitutionally determined.
Definition Land clearing is the removal of native vegetation for agricultural purposes and other developmental projects. When clearing land, particularly for agricultural purposes, the density of native cover and soil type must be considered to help conserve the topsoil.
Definition Type of land reform whereby parcels of land are reshaped and/or redistributed to achieve a more efficient (agricultural) use. Including re-allotment.
Definition Land tenure refers to the relationship (whether defined under formal de jure law or under customary law) that individuals and groups hold with respect to land and related resources. Land tenure rules define the ways in which property rights to land are allocated, transferred, used, or managed in a particular society. For our purposes, land is used here to include most fixed natural resources associated with land (e.g., trees, minerals, pasture, water); in essence, all land-based resources.
Definition The movement of fish and fishery products in any form from a vessel to dockside in a port or free-trade zone, even if subsequently transferred to another vessel.
Definition Planning for allocations for use of the regional (or national) land resources to achieve a strategic objective, often for sustainable use of a particular resource (water resources, fisheries, wildlife) or to meet certain social equity or economic objectives.
Definition An administrative proceeding is a non-judicial determination of fault or wrongdoing and may include, in some cases, penalties of various forms. They are typically conducted by government or military institutions. Legal proceeding: Action or procedure instituted in a court of law to acquire a benefit, interest, or right or to enforce a remedy.
Definition Policies, incentives, subsidies and programmes specially designed for areas that are difficult to exploit or are for some other reason underdeveloped.
Definition Liability is an obligation or debt owed to someone else. They are an outsider's claim against one or more business assets. The items on the debit side of a balance sheet. These include unpaid bills from suppliers, unpaid taxes, and secured and unsecured debt of various sorts. Compensation is the the act or state of compensating, as by rewarding someone for service or by making up for someone's loss, damage, or injury by giving the injured party an appropriate benefit.
Definition Livestock water use is water associated with livestock watering, feedlots, dairy operations, and other on-farm needs. Livestock includes dairy cows and heifers, beef cattle and calves, sheep and lambs, goats, hogs and pigs, horses, and poultry. Other livestock water uses include cooling of facilities for the animals and products, dairy sanitation and wash down of facilities, animal waste-disposal systems, and incidental water losses. The livestock category excludes on-farm domestic use, lawn and garden watering, and irrigation water use.
Definition An administrative body for a small geographic area, such as a city, town, county, or state. A local government will typically only have control over their specific geographical region, and can not pass or enforce laws that will affect a wider area. Local governments can elect officials, enact taxes, and do many other things that a national government would do, just on a smaller scale.
Definition Any kind of provision and measure for the management and conservation of natural resources, e.g. forests, protected areas, coastal resources.
Definition Any area of intertidal or subtidal terrain together with its overlying water and associated flora, fauna, historical and cultural features, which has been reserved by law or other effective means to protect part or all of the enclosed environment. (IUCN). In practice, the term MPA has been used for marine reserves where extractive activities (and particularly fishing) are banned, as well as for managed areas in which some extractive activities are authorized but specifically regulated to preserve habitat and biodiversity. The respective economic, social, political and ethical implications of these two types of MPAs for fishery resources and coastal communities need to be carefully considered. COFI, FAO, 2005.
Definition The maritime zones recognized under international law include internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone, the continental shelf, the high seas and the Area. With the exception of the high seas and the Area, each of these maritime zones is measured from the baseline determined in accordance with customary international law as reflected in the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention.
Definition The movement of a person or a group of persons, either across an international border, or within a State. It is a population movement, encompassing any kind of movement of people, whatever its length, composition and causes; it includes migration of refugees, displaced persons, economic migrants, and persons moving for other purposes, including family reunification (IOM, 2011).
Definition Includes (highly) migratory species, either birds or fish. Also straddling fish stocks, highly migratory fish stocks, anadromous fish (see also catadromous fish).
Definition A naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, crystalline substance which has a fixed structure and a chemical composition which is either fixed or which may vary within certain defined limits.
Definition The extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.
Definition Monitoring is a periodically recurring task already beginning in the planning stage of a project or programme. Monitoring allows results, processes and experiences to be documented and used as a basis to steer decision-making and learning processes. Monitoring is checking progress against plans. The data acquired through monitoring is used for evaluation.;
Definition The maximum concentration of residue resulting from the use of a veterinary drug or a pesticide that is recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission to be legally permitted or recognized as acceptable in or on a food.
Definition Protected area managed mainly for ecosystem protection and recreation. National parks are relatively large areas, which contain representative samples of major natural regions, features or scenery, where plant and animal species, geomorphological sites, and habitats are of special scientific, educational and recreational interest. The area is managed and developed so as to sustain recreation and educational activities on a controlled basis. The area and visitors ‘use are managed at a level which maintains the area in a natural or semi-natural state.
Definition naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium.
Definition Any organization, commercial or non-commercial, which is independent from government, such as associations, companies, joint ventures, users' organizations.
Definition Relates to a substance, product, material or food ingredient which is original, newly created, or appearing and being used for the first time. Includes: novel processes, new food, new products.
Definition Includes: minimum nutritional requirements, special nutritional programmes (e.g. national food programme), malnutrition/undernutrition, nutritional-deficiency diseases, food products for nutritional purposes, micro-nutrient deficiencies, etc.;Attention: Under this key word provisions on "diet integrators" will be included.
Definition Any kind of violation of the provisions provided for by law and subsequent penalties/sanctions. Processing without proper authorization, using prohibited methods, or products and substances, etc. Obstruction of inspectors, fines, imprisonment, court, forfeiture, transaction, bond.
Definition occurs when oil in its various forms is introduced to environments and contaminates them. Most times the oil that pollutes environments is put there by people in one way or the other. Oil is toxic to certain organisms and is therefore harmful to them.
Definition Oils are any of numerous mineral, vegetable, or synthetic substances or animal or vegetable fats that are generally slippery, combustible, viscous, liquid or liquefiable at room temperatures, soluble in various organic solvents such as ether but not in water, and used in a great variety of products, especially lubricants and fuels. Oilseed is seed from which oil is expressed, as the castor bean; also, the plant yielding such seed. Fats are the lipid-based tissue that is trimmable from an animal carcass or cuts from an animal carcass. It may include subcutaneous, omental or perirenal fat. It does not include interstitial or intramuscular carcass fat or milk fat.
Definition The ultimate and exclusive right conferred by a lawful claim or title, and subject to certain restrictions to enjoy, occupy, possess, rent, sell, use, give away, or even destroy an item of property.
Definition A region of the atmosphere lying mostly in the stratosphere, between about 15 and 30 kilometers (10 and 20 miles) in altitude, containing a relatively high concentration of ozone that absorbs solar ultraviolet radiation in a wavelength range not screened by other atmospheric components.
Definition Refers to all aspects required by law with respect to packaging/re-packaging and labelling, such as: full details of product identification, composition, safety precaution, storage, instructions and summary of uses, warnings, provisions on packaging/recycling, etc.
Definition Payments for ecosystem services (PES) occur when a beneficiary or user of an ecosystem service makes a direct or indirect payment to the provider of that service. The idea is that whoever preserves or maintains an ecosystem service should be paid for doing so.
Definition Any substance intended for preventing, destroying, attracting, repelling, or controlling any pest including unwanted species of plants or animals during the production, storage, transport, distribution and processing of food, agricultural commodities, or animal feeds or which may be administered to animals for the control of ectoparasites. The term includes substances intended for use as a plant growth regulator, defoliant, desiccant, fruit thinning agent, or sprouting inhibitor and substances applied to crops either before or after harvest to protect the commodity from deterioration during storage and transport. The term normally excludes fertilizers, plant and animal nutrients, food additives, and animal drugs.;
Definition Pests are destructive insects or other animals that attacks crops, food, livestock, etc. Disease is a deviation from the state of complete physical or social well-being of an organism involving a well-defined set of symptoms and etiology, and leading to an impairment of its normal function. It may be inherited or caused by parasites, dietary deficiencies, or by physical and chemical factors in the environment.
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PIC-prior informed consent
العربية
الموافقة المسبقة عن علم
中文
PIC-事先知情同意
Français
ICP-information et consentement préalables
Русский
ПОС-предварительно обоснованное согласие
Español
ICP-procedimiento de información y consentimiento previos
Definition Prior Informed Consent and Advanced Informed Agreement procedures provide for the regulation of international exchange of resources or products that could have adverse effects on human health and the environment. Such exchange may not proceed without the informed agreement or consent of, or contrary to the decision of, the competent authority in the recipient country.
Definition Crop production from the field or orchard and gardens. Production includes the quantities of the commodity sold in the market (marketed production) and the quantities consumed or used by the producers (auto-consumption).
Definition Preventing, destroying or controlling any pest causing harm during or otherwise interfering with the production, processing, storage, transport or marketing of food, agricultural commodities, wood and wood products.
Definition A plant grouping, within a single botanical taxon of the lowest known rank, defined by the reproducible expression of its distinguishing and other genetic characteristics. A variety may be represented by seed, transplants, plants, tubers, tissue culture plantlets, and other forms.
Definition Planting material means any part of the plant that can be used for reproduction. Seeds - the unit of reproduction of a flowering plant, capable of developing into another such plant.
Definition Policy is the course of action for an undertaking adopted by a government, a person or another party. Instruments that exist to support policy and tools used to achieve policy objectives include some or all of the following: societal instruments, economic and command-and-control instruments, direct government involvement and institutional and organizational arrangements. Planning is the plotting of a course of action (involving executive action or enforcement) which is proposed to carry-out some proceeding, devising the relative positions and timing of a set of actions.
Definition The principle that countries or private companies or even individuals should in some way compensate others for the effects of pollution that they (or their citizens) generate or have generated.
Definition Pollution control is a term used in environmental management. It means the control of emissions and effluents into air, water or soil. Without pollution control, the waste products from overconsumption, heating, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, transportation and other human activities, whether they accumulate or disperse, will degrade the environment.
Definition As a tool to combat IUU fishing, Port State Measures (PSM) are requirements established or interventions undertaken by port states which a foreign fishing vessel must comply with or is subjected to as a condition for use of ports within the port state. National PSM would typically include requirements related to prior notification of port entry, use of designated ports, restrictions on port entry and landing/transhipment of fish, restrictions on supplies and services, documentation requirements and port inspections, as well as related measures, such as IUU vessel listing, trade-related measures and sanctions.
Definition Relates to post-harvest procedures such as chemotherapy, fumigation, thermotherapy, as well as to specific products used for post-harvest purposes.
Definition A pronounced deprivation of well-being related to lack of material income or consumption, low levels of education and health, vulnerability and exposure to risk, and voicelessness and powerlessness.
Definition Principle adopted by the UN Conference on Environment and Development (1992) that in order to protect the environment, a precautionary approach should be widely applied, meaning that where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage to the environment, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation.
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prescription/adverse possession
العربية
وصفة الامتلاك / حيازة سلبية
中文
长期占有/逆权侵占
Français
prescription acquisitive/usucapion
Русский
право приобретательной давности/противопоставленное владение
Definition Acquisition of ownership rights or other land rights by uninterrupted and undisputed possession during a period of time. Adverse possession is a synonym. Some Acts exclude prescription as a mode of acquisition, others set specific criteria (e.g. a time limit) that an occupant must meet in order to acquire a formal title through prescription/adverse possession.
Definition Exploitation of a private forest, private ownership of a forest, compulsory measures limiting the property right (such as measures against fire and desertification, requiring reforestation ...), participation in consortia of forest owners, production orientation.
Definition All activities relating to production/processing/manufacturing/transforming cycle. This keyword also includes facilities and premises where products are handled and processed.
Definition Property rights refer to a bundle of rights to use, control, and transfer assets, including land. These include the rights to occupy, enjoy, and use; to restrict others from entry or use; to dispose, buy, or inherit; to develop or improve; to cultivate; to sublet; to realize financial benefits; and to access services in association with land. Property rights can also include ideas and designs (copyrights, patents, and intellectual materials), as well as rights over “moveable property,” for example, cars, cows, mobile homes, and wildlife.
Definition Refers to any area specifically designated and delineated by law for protection purposes. The essence is that within the area, a special legal regime applies, including special restrictions and/or prohibitions.
Definition Protected forests subject to a particular legal regime, so declared in order to protect soil and water, stabilize steep slopes, maintain sustained yield of forest produce, conserve dry-zones and mangroves forests, conserve environment and biodiversity.
Definition Environmental protection is the practice of protecting the natural environment by individuals, organizations and governments. Its objectives are to conserve natural resources and the existing natural environment and, where possible, to repair damage and reverse trends.;
Definition Woodland and forest belonging to the State or to a local public entity, forest belonging to the public domain, forest estate, acquisition, delimitation, classified forest.
Definition Includes crown lands, national lands, State lands, government lands or a more general definition of the public domain related to land. Includes distribution, lease, sale, grants of, management, etc.
Definition Public participation is a political principle or practice, and may also be recognized as a right (right to public participation). The principle of public participation holds that those who are affected by a decision have a right to be involved in the decision-making process.
Definition PPP involves a contract between a public sector authority and a private party, in which the private party provides a public service or project and assumes substantial financial, technical and operational risk in the project.
Definition Quarantine is defined as the official confinement of plants/animals subject to phytosanitary regulations for observation and research and for further inspection and/or testing. Quarantine regulations constitute a basic component of plant protection and animal health legislation and a form of State-organized measure to secure plant protection and animal health. Includes: plant/animal quarantine, inland quarantine, quarantine officers, harmful quarantine organisms and plants, the International Plant Quarantine Treatment Manual, detection and delimiting surveys, quarantine area, quarantine pest, quarantine treatments and procedures, quarantine station or facilities, post-entry quarantine, quarantine measures on custom-houses, etc.
Definition Energy that comes from a source and travels through some material or through space. Light, heat and sound are types of radiation. Includes ionizing radiation (radioactivity), electromagnetic radiation (gamma rays, X-rays, and ultraviolet, light, infrared, and radio waves.)
Definition Ratification defines the act whereby a State indicates its consent to be bound by a treaty. Acts of acceptance or approval of a treaty have the same legal effect as acts of ratification and consequently express the consent of a State to be bound by a treaty. In the practice of certain States, the terms acceptance or approval are used instead of ratification when, at a national level, constitutional law does not require the treaty to be ratified by the Head of State.Accession is the act whereby a State that has not signed a treaty may express its consent to be bound by that treaty. However, accession to a treaty is only possible when the treaty so provides, or when all parties subsequently agree that consent to be bound by that treaty can be expressed by a State by means of accession. In these cases, accession has the same legal effect as ratification.
Definition Area and percent of forest land managed for general recreation and tourism, in relation to the total area of forest land. Includes management of recreational forests, access.
Definition Energy sources that are, within a short time frame relative to the Earth’s natural cycles, sustainable, and include non-carbon technologies such as solar energy, hydropower, and wind, as well as carbon-neutral technologies such as biomass.
Definition Activities carried out for purposes of research, research forest, RD (research and development) regulations, veterinary and food studies, etc.
Definition Measurement and valuation of natural capital - the stock of renewable and non-renewable resources that yields a flow of benefits to people. Natural capital includes clean air, water, energy, food and raw materials, among others.
Definition The right to use and/or harvest products from resources controlled by the State or owned by other persons.;Including usufruct, rights of occupation of land, adverse possession.
Definition The right to a healthy environment brings together all that humanity has learned about how human rights and the environment interact. It encompasses the environmental dimensions of the rights to life, health, food, water, sanitation, property, private life, culture, and non-discrimination, among others.
Definition The right to have regular, permanent and free access, either Directly or by means of financial purchases, to quantitatively and qualitatively adequate and sufficient food corresponding to the cultural traditions of the people to which the consumer belongs, and which ensures a physical and mental, individual and collective, fulfilling and dignified life free of fear.
Definition The right to water entitles everyone to have access to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic use. It incorporates the right to sanitation entitling everyone to have physical and affordable access to sanitation, in all spheres of life, that is safe, hygienic, secure, and socially and culturally acceptable and that provides privacy and ensures dignity.
Definition Risk assessment is the overall process of analysis and evaluation of a risk with regard to its impact and the likelihood of its being realized, and the selection of an appropriate risk response. Risk management is the process of identifying, selecting and implementing measures that can be applied to reduce the level of risk.
Definition Refers to any payment in the form of a fee, charge or royalty due in connection with any activity or service performed by a public or private authority, e.g., inspection process, application process to obtain an authorization, a licence or a permit, etc. Includes rate setting.
Definition Rural employment refers to any activity, occupation, work, business or service performed by rural people for remuneration, profit, social or family gain, or by force, in cash or kind, including under a contract of hire, written or oral, expressed or implied, and regardless if the activity is performed on a self-directed, part-time, full-time or casual basis. Rural employment is comprised of agricultural employment, which includes both on-farm self-employment and wage employment in the agricultural sector, as well as non-agricultural employment, which includes non-farm self-employment and wage employment.
Definition Interventions that deliver a meal or snack to children in the school setting, with the intent of improving attendance, enrollment, nutritional status and learning outcomes.;
Definition A smallholding is a small farm. In third world countries, smallholdings are usually farms supporting a single family with a mixture of cash crops and subsistence farming. A Peasant is a poor smallholder or agricultural laborer of low social status.
Definition A process of evaluating the likely impacts, both beneficial and adverse, of a proposed development that may affect the rights, which have an economic, social, cultural, civic and political dimension, as well as the well-being, vitality and viability, of an affected community – that is, the quality of life of a community as measured in terms of various socio-economic indicators, such as income distribution, physical and social integrity and protection of individuals and communities, employment levels and standards of housing and accommodation, infrastructure, services.
Definition Soil conservation is the protection of soil from erosion and other types of deterioration, so as to maintain soil fertility and productivity. It generally includes watershed management and water management. Soil improvement concerns in the first place the appropriate management of problem soils. It also involves the improvement of degraded soils in terms of soil prevention, mitigation, and rehabilitation.
Definition Soil pollution refers to the presence in the soil of a chemical or substance out of place and/or present at a higher than normal concentration that has adverse effects on any non-targeted organism. Soil quality refers to the soil's biological, chemical, and physical properties and processes and its capacity to perform essential ecosystem services.
Definition Any solid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous materials discarded from industrial, commercial, mining, or agricultural operations, and from community activities. Solid waste includes garbage, construction debris, commercial refuse, sludge from water supply or waste treatment plants, or air pollution control facilities, and other discarded materials.
Definition Any fund that is established for a specific purpose (e.g. food security fund, pest management strategies, land improvement fund, aquaculture development fund, land acquisition fund, etc.).
Definition Provisions establishing legal requirements against which natural resources and products must conform. Standards may be "compulsory" or "recommended".;
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stock enhancement/repopulation
العربية
تعزيز المخزون / إعادة تعمير
中文
种群增殖/种群恢复
Français
re-empoissonnement/repeuplement
Русский
наращивание запасов/пополнение численности биологических видов
Definition Agreement between two or more of the constituent states of a federal State, e.g. between the federation and the states, or any agreement between public authorities within a sovereign state.
Definition Generally refers to financial incentives (compensation, interest subsidies, production subsidies, tax exemption, tax reduction, grants, bonuses, rewards, loans with low interest rates, etc.) set by a government in order to support the management and development of a given sector.
Definition All water naturally open to the atmosphere, including rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, impoundments, seas, estuaries and wetlands. The term also covers springs, wells or other collectors of water that are directly influenced by surface waters.
Definition The measuring of parcels/plots of land and the determining of its boundaries. Including survey practices; training, registration, licensing and qualification of surveyors; survey standards. Used also when Survey Boards are created. Hydrographic surveys support a variety of activities: nautical charting, port and harbor maintenance (dredging), coastal engineering (beach erosion and replenishment studies), coastal zone management, and offshore resource development. Surveys are concerned with water depth and the nature of the sea floor material.
Definition The method/process of using limited resources in a prudent/conservative manner until alternative/supplemental resources can be found or created.
Definition As defined by the Law of the Sea Convention. The area of the sea up to 12 nautical miles in extent where generally full sovereignty of the coastal state apply, subject to a right of innocent passage.
Definition a type of mineral water that is located deep underground which contains healing properties and is exempt from bacteria and pollution. Naturally pure and rich in mineral salts, iodine and CO2, thermal water is recognized for its therapeutic properties, particularly those that concern the skin.
Definition Any wood or tree which has felled or has been felled or cut off and all wood whether unsawn, hewn, sawn or machined, split, or otherwise cut up or fashioned but does not include any article manufactured from such wood or firewood.
Definition The total allowable catch is the amount of marine living resources that can be harvested without endangering the aforementioned resources. See also "quota/allocation".
Definition Toxicity means a physiological or biological property which determines the capacity of a chemical to do harm or produce injury to a living organism by other than mechanical means. Poisoning means occurrence of damage or disturbance caused by a poison, and includes intoxication.
Definition Ability to trace the application, location, and/or history of an activity or item by means of recorded data. Food traceability - The possibility to ensure, at any stage of the food chain, that the path of a food and the relevant information about it are known, including: product identification, product information (the raw materials used, how it was produced and changed, where and when it came from and where and when it was sent, the controls, which the product has been subject to), and the linkages between product identification and product information. The word «food chain» includes feed used for food producing animals (European Community, Comments, 2004).
Definition Traditional knowledge (TK), indigenous knowledge (IK), traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and local knowledge generally refer to knowledge systems embedded in the cultural traditions of regional, indigenous, or local communities. Traditional knowledge includes types of knowledge about traditional technologies of subsistence (e.g. tools and techniques for hunting or agriculture), midwifery, ethnobotany and ecological knowledge, celestial navigation, ethno astronomy, the climate etc. These kinds of knowledge are crucial for the subsistence and survival and are generally based on accumulations of empirical observation and interaction with the environment.
Definition Rights of indigenous or traditional people which (to present) have not been considered in a national and international context or have not (yet) been recorded, and which are based on the legal system of the individual cultures. Customary rights are rights of individuals or groups founded upon customary, long continued practices and usage.
Definition Environmental effects in adjacent State territories caused by various sources, i.e. underwater noise, marine discharges, atmospheric emissions, accidental events.
Definition Any movement of hazardous wastes or other wastes from an area under the national jurisdiction of one State to or through an area under the national jurisdiction of another State or to or through an area not under the national jurisdiction of any State, provided at least two States are involved in the movement.
Definition Includes all real estate transfers (e.g. donation, exchange, easement, etc.) as well as restrictions on transfer, approval needed for transfer of property.
Definition "Urban" agriculture refers to small areas (e.g. vacant plots, gardens, verges, balconies, containers) within the city for growing crops and raising small livestock or milk cows for own-consumption or sale in neighborhood markets. "Peri-urban" agriculture refers to farm units close to town which operate intensive semi- or fully commercial farms to grow vegetables and other horticulture, raise chickens and other livestock, and produce milk and eggs.
Definition Urban areas are generally characterized by moderate and higher density residential, commercial, and industrial development, and the availability of public services required for that development, specifically central water and sewer, an extensive road network, public transit, and other such services (for example, safety and emergency response).
Definition The immunisation of susceptible animals through the administration of a vaccine comprising antigens appropriate to the disease to be controlled.
Definition Rights belonging to a person as a property interest which cannot be impaired or taken away (as through retroactive legislation) without the consent of the owner. Including acquired rights, established rights, customary rights, community rights.
Definition The collection , sorting, and transport of waste as well as its tipping above or under ground. Includes also waste dumping, i.e. the disposal of waste without environmental controls.
Definition Household or Domestic Waste – Solid waste, composed of garbage and rubbish, which normally originates from residential, private households, or apartment buildings. Domestic waste may contain a significant amount of toxic or hazardous waste from improperly discarded pesticides, paints, batteries, and cleaners.
Definition Waste management is a set of activities that include the following: 1)collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste; 2) control, monitoring and regulation of the production, collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste; and 3) prevention of waste production through in-process modification, reuse and recycling. The term usually relates to all kinds of waste, whether generated during the extraction of raw materials, the processing of raw materials into intermediate and final products, the consumption of final products, or other human activities,] including municipal (residential, institutional, commercial), agricultural, and special (health care, household hazardous wastes, sewage sludge). Waste management is intended to reduce adverse effects of waste on health, the environment or aesthetics.
Definition Any solid, semi-solid or wastewater discarded from industrial, commercial, mining, or agricultural operations, and from community activities. Includes the runoff from areas that received pollutants associated with industrial or commercial storage, handling, or processing.
Definition Measures or techniques that reduce the amount and/or toxicity of wastes generated during industrial production processes.The term is also applied to recycling and other efforts to reduce the amount of waste going into the waste stream.
Definition Charges payable for water services and sewerage services, as well as the fees, costs and other charges payable for water abstraction licences.
Definition Designated area put in place to safeguard the safe and secure use and sufficient quantities of surface water and groundwater for drinking water production or the conservation of habitat or species directly depending on the water zone.
Definition A water right is a right to use or access water that is enforceable against other individuals and that can be legally or customarily recognized.
Definition Supply of water for domestic, commercial, thermoelectric power, industrial, public water uses (fountains, fire hydrants, field delivery point, etc.).
