This article reviews the empirical evidence from various studies on how trees and agroforestry systems enhance smallholders' capacity to adapt to climate risks. It provides key concepts so as to imagine adaptation options linked to agroforestry. Chargeable resource.

Evaluation of the effects of planting date on the yield of different varieties of four major crops (maize, millet, sorghum and cotton) over three contrasting growing seasons in 2009–2011 aiming at identifying climate adaptation options in the Sudano-Sahelian region.

This publication analyses the potential impacts of changes in climate and climate variability on mixed crop–livestock systems. It studies the adaptive capacity of these systems and highlights the important mitigation co-benefits. It provides useful inputs when planning for adaptation interventions when dealing with thes mixed systems. Chargeable resource.

This paper introduces an analytical framework called Participatory Social Return on Investment (PSROI), which provides a structured framework for multi-stakeholder planning, selection and valuation of appropriate methods of adaptation. The broader economic, social and environmental impacts of these adaptation actions are explored and valued through a participatory process. The results presented come from a pilot of the PSROI framework in a smallholder farming community in Western Kenya. It is an interesting tool when examining and prioritizing adaptation strategies so as to ensure an effective ownership and buy-in. The article is available only through payment.

This publication identifies gaps in knowledge and the need for research in climate-smart agriculture as highlighted at the 2013 Global Science Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture (Davis, CA, USA). These gaps are described within three themes: (1) farm and food systems, (2) landscape and regional issues and (3) institutional and policy aspects.

This publication summarizes recent advances in knowledge about the benefits of conservation agriculture (CA) and highlights constraints to its widespread adoption within Southern Africa. It provides valuable technical information to better take these practices into account when planning for adaptation.

This paper provides empirical evidence on emerging agricultural innovations in contrasting socio-economic, geographical and agro-ecological contexts. It highlights the importance of farm-level adaptation through innovation adoption for agricultural adaptation in South Asia. It calls for a stronger collaborations between research institutions, extension systems, civil society and the private sector actors to enhance emerging adaptive innovations at the farm level. It recalls the importance of local existing strategies when planning for adaptation. Chargeable resource.

Socio-economic and gender analysis of three topics (climate-smart agriculture, climate analogue approaches, and climate and weather forecasting) in Uganda, Ghana and Bangladesh. The participatory tools used in this study provided some insights into women’ adaptive capacity. More ersearch is needed to address women's specific vulnerabilities in climate-smart agriculture programmes. This study provides elements to better reflect on adaptation strategies answering to women's needs.  

This publication highlights the major challenges for crop breeders in the coming decades, describes the main characteristics of crop breeding techniques and other adaptation options for agriculture. It reviews recent uses of climate information to support crop breeding decisions and makes recommendations for how this might be improved. It provides valuable recommendations to better plan adaptation options based on climate information or modeling.

This paper examines conservation agriculture (CA) of cereal systems in the Indo-Gangetic Plains from the perspective of: (i) increased yield and farm income, (ii) adaptation to heat and water stresses, and (iii) reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The conclusive elements provide information on how to better integrate CA in adaptation planning processes in crop production.