Risk mitigation measures
Human health risks – Limiting occupational exposure | |
|---|---|
Risk mitigation measure | Conditions |
Do not register the pesticide (or phase-out a registered pesticide) for some or all uses | Alternative pesticides or pest management options should be available for these uses |
Severely restrict the use of the pesticide (e.g. only by licensed users) | Enforcement should be effective |
Reduced rate should be efficacious | |
Reduction of the application frequency and/or increase of the treatment interval | Reduced frequency/increased treatment interval should be efficacious |
PPE should be available to the user at an affordable cost | |
" | Wearing PPE should be feasible/comfortable under local climatic conditions |
Require engineering measures to reduce exposure (e.g. drift-reducing nozzles, closed cabin on tractor, close-circuit pesticide pumping system) | Equipment should be available to the user at an affordable cost |
Authorize only low-risk pesticide formulations (e.g. water-soluble granules instead of liquids) | Low-risk formulation should be efficacious. |
Authorize only low-risk packaging (e.g. water-soluble sachets) | Low-risk packaging should be compatible with the formulation |
Minimum re-entry interval should not conflict with agronomic practices (e.g. harvesting times) | |
" | Enforcement should be effective |
Users should be literate or have access to a literate person | |
Human health risks – Limiting consumer exposure | |
|---|---|
Risk mitigation measure | Conditions |
Do not register the pesticide (or phase-out a registered pesticide) for some or all uses | Alternative pesticides or pest management options should be available for these uses |
Severely restrict the use of the pesticide (e.g. only by licensed users) | Enforcement should be effective |
Reduced rate should be efficacious | |
Reduction of the application frequency and/or increase of the treatment interval | Reduced frequency/increased treatment interval should be efficacious |
Increase pre-harvest intervals | Longer pre-harvest intervals should not compromise effective pest management |
" | Enforcement should be effective |
Users should be literate or have access to a literate person | |
Environmental risks – Limiting pesticide exposure and adverse effects on bees (in- and off-field) | |
|---|---|
Risk mitigation measure | Conditions |
Registration measures |
|
Do not register the pesticide (or phase-out a registered pesticide) for some or all uses | Alternative pesticides or pest management options should be available for these uses. |
The application rate of the pesticide can be reduced without reducing its efficacy. | |
Reduction of the application frequency and/or increase of the treatment interval | x |
Restrict the use to formulation types that result in less exposure of bees (e.g. slow-release formulations, baits, seed coatings, granules) | Lower risk formulation types of the same pesticide are sufficiently efficacious against the target pest(s) |
" | For granules and treated seeds: the pesticide should not be systemic |
For treated seeds: Require high quality seed coatings (in order to reduce abrasion of seeds, and subsequent drift of dust, during drilling) | Pesticide or seed company should be able to provide high quality coatings |
" | Pesticide should not be systemic |
Restriction in space |
|
Restrict use to low- or no-emission applications (e.g. glasshouses, warehouses, containers) | Low- or no emission applications should be efficacious. |
Restrictions in time |
|
Change the period of application (e.g. do not apply during crop flowering or in-crop weed flowering) | Target pest should not be present present during flowering |
" | Enforcement should be effective |
Change the timing of application (e.g. only apply in the evening, when honeybees are not active, to allow the pesticide deposit to degrade) | Only applicable to rapidly degrading pesticides |
Engineering controls |
|
Apply drift-reducing techniques (e.g. reduced-drift spray nozzles, spray deflectors) | Equipment should be available to the user at an affordable cost |
Treatments should be possible with ground-based equipment | |
For granules and treated seeds: Require high quality drilling equipment in order to reduce abrasion of seeds or granules, and subsequent drift of dust, during drilling | Equipment should be available to the user at an affordable cost |
Cultivation controls |
|
Apply a (vegetated) no-spray buffer strip between the treated field and the off-field area to reduce drift | Bees should be mainly active off-field |
" | The buffer strip should not have an unacceptable effect on yield |
Labelling |
|
Users should be literate or have access to a literate person | |
Other risk reduction measures |
|
Require advance notification of beekeepers to allow them to relocate or close the beehives | Communication between pesticide users and beekeepers should be effective |
Environmental risks – Limiting groundwater exposure | |
|---|---|
Risk mitigation measure | Conditions |
Registration measures |
|
Do not register the pesticide (or phase-out a registered pesticide) for some or all uses | Alternative pesticides or pest management options should be available for these uses |
Reduced rate should be efficacious | |
Reduction of the application frequency and/or increase of the treatment interval | Reduced frequency/increased treatment interval should be efficacious |
Restriction in space |
|
Restrict the use of the pesticide to low- or no emission applications (e.g. glasshouses, containers, baiting, dipping, seed treatment) | Low- or no emission applications should be efficacious. |
Restrict the use of the pesticide geographically to limit leaching (e.g. to soil types that are less vulnerable to leaching or not subject to excessive crack-flow; to areas with low annual rainfall; to regions with deep groundwater level) | Geographical restriction of pesticide use should not compromise pest management (e.g. coincide with geographical distribution of the pest) |
" | Enforcement should be effective |
Restrictions in time |
|
Restrict the use of the pesticide to certain periods in the year, when leaching, run-off or drainage is less important (e.g. periods with low rainfall and/or sufficient vegetation cover) | Temporal restriction of pesticide use should not compromise pest management (e.g. not coincide with the presence of the pest) |
" | Enforcement should be effective |
Labelling |
|
Users should be literate or have access to a literate person | |
Environmental risks – Limiting surface water exposure and adverse effects on aquatic organisms | |
|---|---|
Risk mitigation measure | Conditions |
Registration measures |
|
Do not register the pesticide (or phase-out a registered pesticide) for some or all uses | Alternative pesticides or pest management options should be available for these uses |
Reduced rate should be efficacious | |
Reduction of the application frequency and/or increase of the treatment interval | Reduced frequency/increased treatment interval should be efficacious |
Restrict use to formulation types that result in less drift/run-off/drainflow (e.g. slow-release formulations, seed coatings, granules) | Low-risk formulation should be efficacious. |
Restriction in space |
|
Restrict the use of the pesticide to low- or no emission applications (e.g. glasshouses, containers, baiting, dipping, seed treatment) | Low- or no emission applications should be efficacious. |
Restrict the use of the pesticide geographically, to limit surface water exposure (e.g. to soil types that are less vulnerable to leaching or not subject to excessive crack-flow; to non-drained soils or fields requiring holding times to release water) | Geographical restriction of pesticide use should not compromise pest management (e.g. coincide with geographical distribution of the pest) |
" | Enforcement should be effective |
Do not authorize bankside applications | Restriction should not compromise pest management |
Restrictions in time |
|
Restrict the use of the pesticide to certain periods in the year, when leaching, run-off or drainage is less important (e.g. periods with low rainfall and/or sufficient vegetation cover) | Temporal restriction of pesticide use should not compromise pest management (e.g. not coincide with the presence of the pest) |
" | Enforcement should be effective |
Engineering controls |
|
Apply drift-reducing techniques (e.g. reduced-drift spray nozzles, spray deflectors) | Equipment should be available to the user at an affordable cost |
Treatments should be possible with ground-based equipment | |
Restrict use to chemigation (i.e. through irrigation system) | Equipment should be available to the user at an affordable cost |
" | Application through chemigation should be efficacious. |
Cultivation controls |
|
Apply a (vegetated) no-spray buffer strip between the treated field and the surface water, to reduce drift | The buffer strip should not have an unacceptable effect on yield |
Labelling |
|
Users should be literate or have access to a literate person | |
Environmental risks – Limiting pesticide exposure and adverse effects on non-target arthropods (in and off-crop) | |
|---|---|
Risk mitigation measure | Conditions |
Registration measures |
|
Do not register the pesticide (or phase-out a registered pesticide) for some or all uses | Alternative pesticides or pest management options should be available for these uses |
Reduced rate should be efficacious | |
Reduction of the application frequency and/or increase of the treatment interval | Reduced frequency/increased treatment interval should be efficacious |
Restrict use to formulation types that result in less exposure of non-target arthropods (e.g. slow-release formulations, baits, seed coatings, granules) | Low-risk formulation should be efficacious. |
Restriction in space |
|
Restrict the use of the pesticide to low- or no emission applications (e.g. glasshouses, containers, baiting, dipping, soil incorporation, seed treatment) | Low- or no emission applications should be efficacious. |
Engineering controls |
|
Apply drift-reducing techniques (e.g. reduced-drift spray nozzles, spray deflectors) | Equipment should be available to the user at an affordable cost |
Treatments should be possible with ground-based equipment | |
Cultivation controls |
|
Apply a (vegetated) no-spray buffer strip between the treated field and the off-field area, to reduce drift | Non-target arthropods should be mainly active off-field |
" | The buffer strip should not have an unacceptable effect on yield |
Labelling |
|
Users should be literate or have access to a literate person | |
Environmental risks – Limiting pesticide exposure and adverse effects on birds and mammals (in and off-crop) | |
|---|---|
Risk mitigation measure | Conditions |
Registration measures |
|
Do not register the pesticide (or phase-out a registered pesticide) for some or all uses | Alternative pesticides or pest management options should be available for these uses |
Reduced rate should be efficacious | |
Reduction of the application frequency and/or increase of the treatment interval | Reduced frequency/increased treatment interval should be efficacious |
Do not register formulation types that are likely to pose a high risk to birds and mammals (e.g. baits, treated seeds, granules) | Alternative formulations should be efficacious |
Restriction in space |
|
Restrict the use of the pesticide to low- or no emission applications (e.g. in glasshouses, containers, or dipping, soil incorporation) | Low- or no emission applications should be efficacious. |
Do not apply close to vulnerable habitats for birds (e.g. nature reserves; bird sanctuaries) | Geographical restriction of pesticide use should not compromise pest management (e.g. coincide with geographical distribution of the pest) |
" | Enforcement should be effective |
Restrictions in time |
|
Restrict time of application to periods when birds or mammals are not breeding | Temporal restriction of pesticide use should not compromise pest management (e.g. not coincide with the presence of the pest) |
" | Enforcement should be effective |
Engineering controls |
|
Apply drift-reducing techniques (e.g. reduced-drift spray nozzles, spray deflectors) | Equipment should be available to the user at an affordable cost |
Treatments should be possible with ground-based equipment | |
Cultivation controls |
|
Apply a (vegetated) no-spray buffer strip between the treated field and the off-field area, to reduce drift | The buffer strip should not have an unacceptable effect on yield |
Require soil incorporation of the pesticide (granules) to a certain depth | Appropriate equipment should be available |
Limit application to spot or row treatments only | Spot treatement should not compromise pest control |
Labelling |
|
Users should be literate or have access to a literate person | |
Other risk reduction measures |
|
For granules: Require immediate removal of any spills | Manpower should be available |
For rodenticides: Require burrow-baiting or the use of bait stations | Bait stations should be available to the user at an affordable cost |
For rodenticides: Require removal of dead and moribund rodents and of bait remains, after completion of the control operation. | Manpower should be available |
Environmental risks – Limiting pesticide exposure and adverse effects on soil organisms | |
|---|---|
Risk mitigation measure | Conditions |
Registration measures |
|
Do not register the pesticide (or phase-out a registered pesticide) for some or all uses
Restriction in time (e.g. application only every other year) | Alternative pesticides or pest management options should be available for these uses.
The application of the pesticide can be restricted in time without reducing its efficacy. |
The application rate of the pesticide can be reduced without reducing its efficacy. | |
Reduction of the application frequency and/or increase of the treatment interval | Reduced frequency/increased treatment interval should be efficacious |
Restriction in space |
|
Restrict use to low- or no-emission applications (e.g. glasshouses, warehouses, containers) Spot/row application | Low- or no emission applications should be efficacious.
Spot/row application should be efficacious |
Restrictions in time |
|
Limit application to specific crop growth stage (at later growth stage, higher crop cover, meaning less is reaching the soil) | Target pest is present at specific crop stages |