LLDCs are 32 nations, including 16 Least Developed Countries (LDCs), that face distinct development challenges due to their lack of direct access to the sea. This geographical constraint raises trade and transport costs, limits integration into global markets, and slows economic growth. These countries depend heavily on neighbouring states for transit, making them vulnerable to external shocks and logistical bottlenecks. Inadequate infrastructure, limited productive capacity, and reliance on a narrow range of commodities further hinder sustainable development.
Agrifood systems offer LLDCs a strategic opportunity to overcome these limitations and foster economic diversification. By investing in sustainable agriculture, improving infrastructure, and strengthening regional trade integration, they can reduce vulnerability and build more resilient food systems.