粮食安全和消除贫困背景下保障可持续小规模渔业自愿准则

大量未受承认和边缘化

世界上90%的捕捞渔民和渔业工作者从事小规模渔业,小规模渔业贡献了发展中国家渔获量的50%以上。然而,小规模渔业社区往往也是经济最贫困、政治和社会最边缘化的社区。这种边缘化通常意味着这些社区不仅无法获得饮用水和住房等基本服务,也难以得到教育和卫生服务。

该部门的大多数工作是非正式的,没有稳定的收入。这当中部分原因在于渔获量因季节而异。某些情况下,缺少渔民和渔业工作者可以参与的社会保障计划;另一些情况下,存在这样的计划,但渔民和渔业工作者无力为此按月支付费用,因而难以加入。

一般来说,捕鱼被认为是一种非常危险的职业,渔业工作者通常必须忍受长时间工作、恶劣的职业安全和健康。暴力、使用童工、强制劳役、性虐待、海上安全等问题在一些情况下会大大加剧小规模渔业行动方的易受害性。

社会发展和可持续渔业管理相结合

为使渔民和渔业工作者的权利得到承认,关键要使渔民和渔业工作者在对其本身及其所依赖的资源产生影响的决策过程中参与磋商。渔业价值链中正式和非正式行业的所有工作者都应有体面的工作条件和良好的收入,也包括迁徙工人在内,他们全球渔业中扮演着重要的角色。必须消除强制劳役、暴力和沦为债奴的现象

鉴于渔民所处的特殊环境,联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)致力于扩大和完善社会保障计划,以促进渔民的经济融入,提升 生计保障,并增强其韧性。FAO 通过深入研究小规模渔业在获取社会保障方面所面临的障碍,帮助各国提升国家能力。

《小规模渔业准则》要求小规模渔业社区通过社会和经济发展实现人权。政府应当确保在国家法律中纳入国际人权标准,包括享有充足生活水准和体面劳动的权利,以及确保满足卫生、教育和其他基本需求的权利。

《小规模渔业准则》进一步建议各国对小规模渔业社区的人力资源开发进行投资,将职业健康和安全纳入渔业管理。对加强小规模渔业社区建设的另一项重要建议是促进社会保障、支持对信贷和保险计划的获取。各国有责任制定、颁布和实施针对海上安全的法规,提供培训和易于获取的安全设备。

《小规模渔业准则》第6章是关于社会发展、就业和体面劳动的内容。

《小规模渔业准则》 指南视频
出版物
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