During the past two decades, the Brazilian government has implemented policies addressing concerns of smallholder farmers, indigenous people and traditional communities living in close relation with biodiversity. In 2019, the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, launched the Bioeconomy Brazil Sociobiodiversity program. The program aims at promoting partnerships between the government, family farmers, small scale and medium-scale farmers, traditional communities and their enterprises, and the business sector. The programme further aims at promoting the sustainable use of sociobiodiversity and extractive resources, as well as the production and use of energy from renewable resources, while allowing the participation of the communities living closely with biodiversity in the productive and economic arrangements through the concept of bioeconomy. The program axes comprised of (i) productive structuring of the extractivism chains; (ii) medicinal, aromatics, condiment herbs and special teas of Brazil; (iii) sociobiodiversity routes; (iv) potentialities of Brazilian agrobiodiversity; and (v) renewable energy for family farming. With these axes, the Ministry intends to raise the income-generating capacity of farmers through the aggregated values of biodiversity.