Report to the Governing Body on the Implementation and Operations of the Multilateral System 2025
The report provides an overview of progress and relevant developments in the implementation and operations of the Multilateral System for the Eleventh Session of the Governing Body. It provides information on material available in the Multilateral System, as communicated to the Secretary through various channels, as well as data and an analysis of germplasm transfers within the Multilateral System. The report also contains information on some of the recent training and capacity development activities undertaken by the Secretariat, or in partnership with other organizations
The report provides information on the transfer of material by regions and crops, and highlights trends on the transfer of Material Under Development and Non-Annex 1 Material. It also distinguishes between transfers made by Article 15 Institutions and other providers through distribution maps, charts and other resources.
The Secretariat has prepared similar reports for each Session of the Governing Body since the use of the MLS Data Store to elaborate statistics was authorised in 2011.
Highlighted key data
- PGRFA available in the Multilateral System: Contracting Parties, non- Contracting Parties, International centers and regional gene banks notified approximately 2.6 million PGRFA holdings as available in the Multilateral System. This represents almost 46 percent of all holdings reported globally. The availability of PGRFA under the Multilateral System has more than doubled from approximately 1.2 million holdings in 2013 to 2.5 million in 2025, demonstrating significant growth over the past decade or so.

Source: ITPGRFA Secretariat, GLIS Statistics, as of 1 August 2025. Rome, FAO.
- Regional outlook on PGRFA availability: Africa notified 7.34 percent of the holdings globally notified as available in the Multilateral System, Asia 17.54 percent, Europe 17.87 percent, Latin America and Caribbean 15.1 percent, the Near East 7.86 percent, North America 24 percent and the South West Pacific 10.29 percent. Contracting Parties alone notified 66 percent (approximately 1.7 million) of all holdings notified as available in the Multilateral System.

Source: ITPGRFA Secretariat, GLIS Statistics, as of 1 August 2025. Rome, FAO.
- PGRFA made available by Article 15 institutions: the eleven gene banks of the CGIAR Centers that have concluded agreements under Article 15 reported 823 080 PGRFA accessions in their collections and notified 809 387 accessions as available in the Multilateral System.

Source: ITPGRFA Secretariat, GLIS Statistics, as of 1 August 2025. Rome, FAO.
- PGRFA available in the MLS through the Global Information System (GLIS): As of 1 August 2025, a total of 2 015 146 PGRFA were available in GLIS through the voluntary assignation of the DOI. Of these, 1 949 282 entries included information on their MLS status. In total, 97 per cent of the materials published in the GLIS display information on their availability or non-availability in the Multilateral System. Of these, 304 367 accessions provide additional information on the origin of their availability in the Multilateral System.

Source: ITPGRFA Secretariat, GLIS Statistics, as of 1 August 2025. Rome, FAO.
- The Standard Material Transfers Agreement (SMTA) in numbers: The Multilateral System Data Store had recorded 116 763 SMTAs (an increase of 16 percent since the last report) from providers located in 69 countries, distributing material to recipients based in 189 countries. Of those SMTAs, 105 732 were concluded by recipients in Contracting Parties to the International Treaty, while 10 449 SMTAs were completed by recipients located in non-Contracting Parties. The statistical module indicates an average of 17 SMTAs reported per day since January 2007.

Source: ITPGRFA Secretariat, GLIS Statistics, as of 1 August 2025. Rome, FAO.
- Number of Easy-SMTA users: The number of users of Easy-SMTA has reached 28 661, up from 18 023 in 2023 and the 9 627 users registered at the time of preparation of the 2022 report.
- Percentage of transferred materials by crop: The statistics at crop level show that 43 percent of the germplasm reported belongs to wheat, 15 percent to rice, 11 percent to maize, 6 percent to barley, 5 percent to chickpea and 4 percent to beans. In general terms, we can consider that the trends displayed are very similar to those generated in 2023 and 2022, and are in line with those presented in 2019.

Source: ITPGRFA Secretariat, GLIS Statistics, as of 1 August 2025. Rome, FAO.
With data from the MLS Data Store and other sources, the Secretariat also published, in December, A comprehensive analysis of the operations of the Multilateral System – Insights and key figures 2025. The publication presents an updated overview of the operations of the Multilateral System of Access and Benefit‑sharing of the ITPGRFA (MLS) from 2007 to 2025
Report on the Implementation and Operations of the Multilateral System:
- MLS report 2025 (IT/GB-11/25/9.1 Rev.1)
- MLS report 2023 (IT/GB-10/23/9.1)
- MLS report 2022 (IT/GB-9/22/9.1)
- MLS report 2019 (IT/GB-8/19/8.1 Rev.1)
- MLS report 2017 (IT/GB-7/17/09)
- MLS report 2015 (IT/GB-6/15/8)
A comprehensive analysis of the operations of the Multilateral System
Report to the Governing Body on the Implementation and Operations of the Multilateral System 2025