Markets and Trade

Featured publications

Trade, food security, and nutrition in Bhutan
06/08/2026

The brief forms part of the Bhutan country case study conducted under the FAO initiative “Trade and Sustainable Agrifood Systems”, funded by the Swiss...

No. 59 Advancing women’s participation in agrifood trade through inclusive policies
27/03/2026

Agrifood trade presents significant potential to enhance women’s economic participation and support broader development outcomes, particularly in low-...

No. 60 The WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies: FAO’s support to Members in its implementation
27/03/2026

The entry into force of the WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies represents a major development in global efforts to align trade policy with sustainable...

No. 61 The dynamic impact of global shipping costs on the food import bill
27/03/2026

Maritime transportation is essential for countries to access basic goods in global markets and to support food security and nutrition, as almost one-quarter...


Publications
14/12/2023

The WTO Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, adopted at the 12th WTO Ministerial Conference (MC12) in June 2002, is the first WTO agreement to focus on the environment and the first legally binding multilateral agreement on marine sustainability. It regulates the provision of fisheries subsidies and recognizes that certain types of subsidies can have a negative impact on the sustainability of marine natural resources.

14/12/2023

As a result of economic growth, technological advances and trade liberalization, the integration of the fisheries and aquaculture sector into international markets has brought many benefits. These include a more efficient allocation of resources, a wider choice of products for consumers, improved access to fish and seafood, and greater development opportunities, particularly for the most vulnerable countries and populations.

14/12/2023

Agriculture, fisheries and forestry are closely linked to the environment and depend on it for their long-term productivity and sustainability. However, if not properly managed, these three sectors can have a negative impact on the environment. Agricultural trade can also have an impact on the environment, and in recent years there has been a renewed focus on how to balance sustainable development and trade liberalization.

16/02/2023

Food safety measures are essential to protect the health of consumers and to promote confidence in international markets. It is therefore crucial to ensure that food safety measures and controls are in place to protect public health while avoiding unnecessary costs and barriers to trade.

14/02/2023

Cotton is a key driver of economic growth, sustaining millions of farmers and families across 80 countries in five continents. It also represents an important source of foreign exchange for a number of low- and middle-income countries. World cotton trade began to trend upwards in the early 2000s with the implementation of the commitments undertaken at the Uruguay Round of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and is projected to expand steadily over the next decade.

01/08/2022

The Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) was held in Geneva, Switzerland, from 12 to 17 June 2022. Following the conclusion of the meeting, this brief reports on its outcome, with particular reference to the negotiations on agriculture and fisheries.

29/10/2021

This policy brief analyses trends in agrifood trade globally and by country group, with a focus on trade patterns of developing countries.

28/10/2021

This policy brief examines the relation between trade and the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, social, and environmental). Moreover, it investigates the complementary policies to achieve sustainability outcomes and analyses the role of certification schemes in addressing sustainability.

27/10/2021

This policy brief discusses the different objectives and types of public food stockholding (PSH) programmes, as much as some of the main PSH related issues under discussion in the agricultural negotiations at the World Trade Organization.

26/10/2021

This policy brief aims at informing Members about the importance of transparency in reducing uncertainty and enhance the predictability and stability of international agrifood trade.