مجموعة الأدوات الخاصة بلجنة الخبراء المشتركة بين منظمة الأغذية والزراعة ومنظمة الصحة العالمية المعنية بالمواد المضافة إلى الأغذية بشأن تقييم مخاطر مخلفات العقاقير البيطرية

مراجع إضافية

 

تتاح أدناه جميع المراجع المذكورة في الوثائق التوجيهية لمجموعة أدوات لجنة الخبراء المشتركة، تليها موارد أخرى لمزيد الاطلاع.

المراجع (بالإنكليزية)

 

Dick, M. 2019. Total residue depletion and metabolism study of 14C-Halquinol after oral administration to growing pigs at 24 mg/kg per day for 5 consecutive days. Study Number ELA1800653. Sponsor submitted.

FAO & WHO. 2020Residue evaluation of certain veterinary drugs. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. 88th Meeting 2019. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) Monographs No. 24. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9167en

FAO & WHO. 2023. Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) and Risk Management Recommendations (RMRs) for Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods. CX/MRL 2-2023. Codex Alimentarius International Food Standardshttps://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/maximum-residue-limits/en/

FAO & WHO. 2025. Codex Alimentarius Commission Procedural Manual – Thirtieth edition. Rome. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/cd4216en

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Piñeiro, S.A. & Cerniglia, C.E. 2021. Antimicrobial drug residues in animal-derived foods: Potential impact on the human intestinal microbiomeJ vet Pharmacol Ther; 44: 215–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12892 

Salleras, L., Domínguez, A., Mata, E., Taberber, J.L., Moro, I. & Salvà, P. 1995. Epidemiologic study of an outbreak of clenbuterol poisoning in Catalonia, SpainPublic Health Rep, 110(3): 338–342. PMID: 7610227.

VICH (International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products). 2004a. Studies to evaluate the safety of residues of veterinary drugs in human food: Developmental toxicity testing. VICH GL32. (Safety: Developmental Toxicity), October 2002 - For implementation in October 2003 (Except EU: later date) - Revision 1 of May 2004. https://vichsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GL32_st7-Rev.pdf

VICH. 2004b. Studies to evaluate the safety of residues of veterinary drug in human food: carcinogenicity testing (Revision at Step 9). VICH GL28. (Safety: Carcinogenicity), October 2004 – Implemented in March 2006. https://vichsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Gl28_st7F.pdf

VICH. 2011. Studies to evaluate the metabolism and residue kinetics of veterinary drugs in food-producing animals: Metabolism study to determine the quantity and identify the nature of residues. VICH GL46 (MRK). February 2011 – Implemented in February 2012. https://vichsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/GL46-st7.pdf

VICH. 2015a. Studies to evaluate the metabolism and residue kinetics of veterinary drugs in food-producing animals: Marker residue depletion studies to establish product withdrawal periods. VICH GL48(R) (MRK). February 2015 – Implemented in January 2016. https://vichsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GL48R-st7-corr.pdf

VICH. 2015b. Studies to evaluate the metabolism and residue kinetics of veterinary drugs in food-producing animals: Validation of analytical methods used in residue depletion studies. VICH GL49(R) (MRK). January 2015 – Implemented in January 2016. https://vichsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GL49R-st7.pdf

VICH. 2016. Studies to evaluate the safety of residues of veterinary drugs in human food: General approach to establish an acute reference dose (ARfD)VICH GL54. (Safety) November 2016, For implementation by November 2017. https://vichsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GL54-st7.pdf

VICH. 2019. Studies to evaluate the safety of residues of veterinary drugs in human food: General approach to establish a microbiological ADIVICH GL36(R2). (Safety: microbiological ADI), February 2019 – Released for implementation at Step 7 in the regions by August 2019. https://vichsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/GL36R2-st7.pdf

VICH. 2025a. Studies to evaluate the safety of residues of veterinary drugs in human food: Reproduction testing (Revision 1). VICH GL 22(R). (Safety) - August 2025 - For implementation at Step 7 in the regions by August 2026. https://vichsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/GL22-R-st7.pdf

VICH. 2025b. Studies to evaluate the safety of residues of veterinary drugs in human food: Genotoxicity testing (Revision 2). VICH GL23(R2) (Safety) - August 2025 - For implementation at Step 7 in the regions by August 2026. https://vichsec.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/GL23R2-st7.pdf

WHO & FAO. 2009. Principles and methods for the risk assessment of chemicals in food. Environmental Health Criteria 240. Geneva, World Health Organization.  https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241572408

WHO. 2021. WHO Human Health Risk Assessment Toolkit: Chemical Hazards, second edition. Geneva, World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240035720

 

Additional reading

VICH. Guidelines - Toxicology

VICH. Guidelines - Antimicrobial safety

VICH. Guidelines - Metabolism and residue kinetics

Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods (CCRVDF). Glossary of terms and definitions (Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods)

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