The Sowing Diversity=Harvesting Security (SD=HS) program is a joint effort of the civil society organization Oxfam, acting as coordinator, and its partners, including NGOs, farmer organizations, public institutions and government agencies. Its objective is to ensure that indigenous peoples and smallholder farmers enjoy their rights and gain capacity to access, develop and use PGRFA to improve food and nutrition security under climate-change conditions. Core component of the SD=HS local-to-global policy work include policy and legal measures that support the implementation of Farmers’ Rights. One key finding is that Farmers’ Rights cannot be realized if the role of farmers’ seed systems is not fully understood and supported by (inter)national policies, legislations and mechanisms. For example, some national seed laws allow only certified seeds of registered varieties to be marketed or exchanged, which negatively affects farmers’ seed systems and ignores opportunities to leverage the skills and entrepreneurship of smallholder seed producers. Establish¬ing legal frameworks that suit the needs and capacities of farmers can enhance the production of quality seed of both modern and traditional varieties and provide a major pathway to increase crop diversity in farmers’ fields, to adapt to climate change and to contribute to several SDGs.