The Ministry of Science, Technology, and Environment (CITMA), together with other public organizations and the Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical ‘Alejandro de Humboldt' (INIFAT), developed projects for in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity in the Cuban Biosphere Reserves. This work started in 1995 in the Biosphere Reserves ‘Sierra del Rosario’ and ‘Cuchillas del Toa’. Main objectives were to highlight the importance of agrobiodiversity and the knowledge associated with PGRFA conserved, managed and used by farmers in these areas. The first projects showed that the diversity of species was high; and that its use was important for the sustainability of farms. However, there was no opportunity yet to deepen such insights, for example in terms of assessing intraspecific diversity and underlying management processes, especially production and mobility of seed through informal systems; it was also not known which factors (environmental, social and economic) influence conservation activities of farmers. These questions served as starting points for further projects, like those currently being funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The results of these projects have led to the integration of agrobiodiversity monitoring into the management plans of the Biosphere Reserves of Cuba for the period 2014-2020.