In 2016, a network of five civil society organizations published a study entitled ‘Farmers’ Right to Participate in Decision-making – implementing Article 9.2 (c) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources’ that gives an overview of how this right of farmers can best be implemented. The objective of the study was to support governments, farmer organizations, civil society organizations and other stakeholders in the implementation of Article 9.2 (c). The study discusses the context and scope of Article 9.2(c) and its importance for the realization of Farmers’ Rights. Using examples and experiences gained, it reviews the status of farmers’ participation in decision-making processes and identifies some of the key issues and challenges. Drawing from norms, principles, good practices and mechanisms that already exist within the United Nations system, especially within the human rights framework, the study also presents key elements for the effective implementation of Article 9.2(c). For example, the right to participate in decision-making should have a solid legal basis and be enforceable by law; requires prompt, effective and practical access to information over process and substance in appropriate form and language; and should include the right to seek a review of a decision and redress/remedies.