In 2018, the International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) started implementing a project addressing gender relations in lentil production in Ethiopia, in cooperation with Agricultural Offices at district (Woreda) and community (Kebele) administrative levels and with funding from the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals. Main objectives were to enhance understanding how gender inequality affects the capacity of women and men to build resilient livelihoods, and how to address gender-based constraints in agricultural research and extension work. Core components included exploring gender-related norms surrounding the division of roles in lentil production; farm-related decision making; access to lentil-based extension services; and innovations, particularly new varieties, in two major lentil-producing areas of Amhara and Oromiya, where rain-fed farming is dominant. Activities entailed quantitative and qualitative interviews and focus group discussions, followed by a validation and an awareness-raising process, which involved representatives of the above-mentioned administrative units as well as community leaders and lentil growers. In the course of this process, the research-findings were shared with the communities, considering Article 9 of the International Treaty and ICARDA’s obligations under the CGIAR Principles on the Management of Intellectual Assets.