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351 Castrén, T., Katila, M., Lindroos, K. y Salmi, J. 2014. private financing for sustainable forest management and forest products in developing countries—Trends and drivers. Washington, D.C., Programa sobre los bosques (PROFOR).

352 Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente. 2021. State of finance for nature – Tripling investments in nature-based solutions by 2030. Nairobi.

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357 Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente. 2021. State of finance for nature – Tripling investments in nature-based solutions by 2030. Nairobi.

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363 Pham, T.T., Nguyen, D.T., Ðào Thi, L.C. y Hoàng, T.L. 2020. Preparing Vietnam for new rules on international market: Zero deforestation production and business. Centro de Investigación Forestal Internacional (CIFOR). (Disponible en https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/007573).

364 Sadanandan Nambiar, E.K. 2021. Strengthening Vietnam’s forestry sectors and rural development: higher productivity, value, and access to fairer markets are needed to support small forest growers. Trees, Forests and People, 3: 100052. (Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2020.100052).

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367 Fondo Verde para el Clima. Sin fecha. FP173: The Amazon Bioeconomy Fund: Unlocking private capital by valuing bioeconomy products and services with climate mitigation and adaptation results in the Amazon | Fondo Verde para el Clima [en línea]. [Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2021]. (Disponible en https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp173).

368 Louman, B., Meybeck, A., Mulder, G., Brady, M., Fremy, F., Savenije, H., Gitz, V. et al. 2020. Innovative finance for sustainable landscapes. Centro de Investigación Forestal Internacional (CIFOR). (Disponible en https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/007852).

369 Almeida, M. 2020. Green Bonds Global State of the Market 2019. Climate Bonds Initiative.

370 Comisión Europea. 2021. 250 000 millones EUR en bonos verdes NextGenerationEU [en línea]. [Consultado el 14 de noviembre de 2021]. (Disponible en https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/es/ip_21_4565).

371 FAO. 2019. Catalyzing private finance for inclusive and sustainable forest value chains. Report of the expert meeting. Roma. (Disponible en https://www.fao.org/forestry/48858-064440fb9719c37f1b7b2a3e957b017c1.pdf); Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente. Sin fecha. Private investment for restoration: Addressing the pipeline bottleneck [en línea]. [Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2021]. (Disponible en https://www.unep.org/events/webinar/private-investment-restoration-addressing-pipeline-bottleneck).

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375 Banco Mundial. 2017. Harnessing the potential of productive forests and timber supply chains for climate change mitigation and green growth. Washington, D.C. (Disponible en https://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/sites/default/files/knowledge-documents/productive_forests_pub_4-3-17web.pdf).

376 Nambiar, E.K.S. 2019. Tamm Review: re-imagining forestry and wood business: pathways to rural development, poverty alleviation and climate change mitigation in the tropics. Forest Ecology and Management, 448: 160-173. (Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.06.014).

377 FAO, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo y Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente. 2021. A multi-billion-dollar opportunity – Repurposing agricultural support to transform food systems. (Disponible en https://doi.org/10.4060/cb6562en).

378 FAO, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo y Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente. 2021. A multi-billion-dollar opportunity – Repurposing agricultural support to transform food systems. (Disponible en https://doi.org/10.4060/cb6562en).

379 Whiteman, A., Wickramasinghe, A. y Piña, L. 2015. Global trends in forest ownership, public income and expenditure on forestry and forestry employment. Forest Ecology and Management, 352: 99-108. (Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.04.011).

380 Banco Mundial. 2021. The Changing Wealth of Nations 2021 – Managing assets for the future. Washington, D.C.

381 FAO, UN Development Programme & UN Environment Programme. 2021. A multi-billion-dollar opportunity – Repurposing agricultural support to transform food systems. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb6562en

382 Buttoud, G. 2012. From PES to REDD: making policy tools and economic mechanisms interact for a better forest governance. Forest Policy and Economics, 18: 1-3. (Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2012.03.001).

383 Karsenty, A. 2021. Fiscal and non-fiscal incentives for sustainable forest management –Synthesis of the lessons derived from case studies in Brazil, Cambodia, the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Myanmar, Peru, Thailand and Viet Nam. ITTO Technical Series 48. Yokohama (Japón), Organización Internacional de las Maderas Tropicales.

384 Busch, J., Ring, I., Akullo, M., Amarjargal, O., Borie, M., Cassola, R.S., Cruz-Trinidad, A. et al. 2021. A global review of ecological fiscal transfers. Nature Sustainability, 4(9): 756-765. (Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00728-0).

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387 Ver, por ejemplo: Cerutti, P.O., Goetghebuer, T., Leszczynska, N., Newbery, J., Breyne, J., Dermawan, A., Mauquoy, C. et al. 2020. Collecting evidence of FLEGT-VPA impacts for improved FLEGT communication. 79 p. Bogor (Indonesia), Centro de Investigación Forestal Internacional (CIFOR).

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389 Pendrill, F., Persson, U.M., Godar, J., Kastner, T., Moran, D., Schmidt, S. y Wood, R. 2019. Agricultural and forestry trade drives large share of tropical deforestation emissions. Global Environmental Change, 56: 1-10. (Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.03.002).

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392 Confederación Suiza. 2021. Huile de palme durable d’Indonésie: le Conseil fédéral approuve l’ordonnance [en línea]. [Consultado el 10 de noviembre de 2021]. (Disponible en https://www.admin.ch/gov/fr/accueil/documentation/communiques.msg-id-84740.html).

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394 Network for Greening the Finance Sector. 2021. NGFS and INSPIRE launch a joint research project on ‘Biodiversity and Financial Stability’ | Banco de Francia [en línea]. [Consultado el 14 de noviembre de 2021]. (Disponible en https://www.ngfs.net/en/communique-de-presse/ngfs-and-inspire-launch-joint-research-project-biodiversity-and-financial-stability).

395 Taskforce on Nature-Related Financial Disclosures. Sin fecha. About – TNFD [en línea]. [Consultado el 1 de enero de 2022]. (Disponible en https://tnfd.global/about/).

396 Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional. Sin fecha. Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) [en línea]. [Consultado el 10 de noviembre de 2021]. (Disponible en https://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/CORSIA/Pages/default.aspx).

397 Lowering Emissions by Accelerating Forest finance (LEAF) Coalition. Sin fecha. The LEAF Coalition [en línea]. [Consultado el 10 de noviembre de 2021]. (Disponible en https://leafcoalition.org/).

398 Ecosystem Marketplace. Sin fecha. Global carbon hub for data and insights on carbon markets and voluntary offsets – Ecosystem Marketplace [en línea]. [Consultado el 10 de noviembre de 2021]. (Disponible en https://www.ecosystemmarketplace.com/carbon-markets/).

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400 Banco Mundial. 2017. Harnessing the potential of productive forests and timber supply chains for climate change mitigation and green growth. Washington, DC. (Disponible en https://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/sites/default/files/knowledge-documents/productive_forests_pub_4-3-17web.pdf).

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403 Nesha, M.K., Herold, M., De Sy, V., Duchelle, A.E., Martius, C., Branthomme, A., Garzuglia, M. et al. 2021. An assessment of data sources, data quality and changes in national forest monitoring capacities in the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005–2020. Environmental Research Letters, 16(5): 054029. (Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abd81b).

404 Nesha, M.K., Herold, M., De Sy, V., Duchelle, A.E., Martius, C., Branthomme, A., Garzuglia, M. et al. 2021. An assessment of data sources, data quality and changes in national forest monitoring capacities in the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005-2020. Environmental Research Letters, 16(5): 054029. (Disponible en https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abd81b).

405 Chagas, T., Galt, H., Lee, D., Neeff, T. y Streck, C. 2020. A close look at the quality of REDD+ carbon credits. (Disponible en https://www.climatefocus.com/publications/close-look-quality-redd-carbon-credits).

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