粮食及农业状况 2022

术语表

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4 Santos Valle, S. & Kienzle, J. 2020. Agriculture 4.0 – Agricultural robotics and automated equipment for sustainable crop production. Integrated Crop Management No. 24. Rome, FAO. www.fao.org/3/cb2186en/CB2186EN.pdf

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8 Lowenberg-DeBoer, J. 2022. Economics of adoption for digital automated technologies in agriculture. Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2022. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Paper 22-10. Rome, FAO.

9 Ceccarelli, T., Chauhan, A., Rambaldi, G., Kumar, I., Cappello, C., Janssen, S. & McCampbell, M. 2022. Leveraging automation and digitalization for precision agriculture: Evidence from the case studies. Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2022. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Study No. 24. Rome, FAO.

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11 ISPA (International Society of Precision Agriculture). 2021. Precision Ag Definition. In: ISPA. Monticello, IL, USA. Cited 20 December 2021. www.ispag.org/about/definition

12 Lowenberg-DeBoer, J., Huang, I.Y., Grigoriadis, V. & Blackmore, S. 2020. Economics of robots and automation in field crop production. Precision Agriculture, 21(2): 278–299. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-019-09667-5

13 Rose, D. 2022. Agricultural automation: the past, present and future of adoption. The State of Food and Agriculture 2022, background paper. Internal document.

14 McCampbell, M. 2022. Agricultural digitalization and automation in low- and middle-income countries: Evidence from ten case studies. Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2022. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Study No. 25. Rome, FAO.

第1章

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15 Santos Valle, S. & Kienzle, J. 2020. Agriculture 4.0 – Agricultural robotics and automated equipment for sustainable crop production. Integrated Crop Management No. 24. Rome, FAO. www.fao.org/3/cb2186en/CB2186EN.pdf

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51 Murray, U., Gebremedhin, Z., Brychkova, G. & Spillane, C. 2016. Smallholder farmers and climate smart agriculture: Technology and labor-productivity constraints amongst women smallholders in Malawi. Gender, Technology and Development, 20(2): 117–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971852416640639

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62 McCampbell, M. 2022. Agricultural digitalization and automation in low- and middle-income countries: Evidence from ten case studies. Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2022. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Study No. 25. Rome, FAO.

63 Ceccarelli, T., Chauhan, A., Rambaldi, G., Kumar, I., Cappello, C., Janssen, S. & McCampbell, M. 2022. Leveraging automation and digitalization for precision agriculture: Evidence from the case studies. Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2022. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Study No. 24. Rome, FAO.

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65 Lowenberg-DeBoer, J. 2022. Economics of adoption for digital automated technologies in agriculture. Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2022. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Working Paper 22-10. Rome, FAO.

66 Rose, D. 2022. Agricultural automation: the past, present and future of adoption. The State of Food and Agriculture 2022, background paper. Internal document.

第2章

1 McCampbell, M. 2022. Agricultural digitalization and automation in low- and middle-income countries: Evidence from ten case studies. Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2022. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Study No. 25. Rome, FAO.

2 Ceccarelli, T., Chauhan, A., Rambaldi, G., Kumar, I., Cappello, C., Janssen, S. & McCampbell, M. 2022. Leveraging automation and digitalization for precision agriculture: Evidence from the case studies. Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2022. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Study No. 24. Rome, FAO.

3 White, W.J. 2001. An unsung hero: the farm tractor’s contribution to twentieth-century United States economic growth. The Journal of Economic History, 61(2): 493–496. https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:cup:jechis:v:61:y:2001:i:02:p:493-496_23

4 Binswanger, H. 1986. Agricultural mechanization: a comparative historical perspective. The World Bank Research Observer, 1(1): 27–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/1.1.27

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6 Diao, X., Takeshima, H. & Zhang, X. 2020. An evolving paradigm of agricultural mechanization development: How much can Africa learn from Asia? Washington, DC, IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute). https://ebrary.ifpri.org/digital/collection/p15738coll2/id/134095

7 Daum, T. & Birner, R. 2020. Agricultural mechanization in Africa: Myths, realities and an emerging research agenda. Global Food Security, 26: 100393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100393

8 Kirui, O. 2019. The agricultural mechanization in Africa: Micro-level analysis of state drivers and effects. ZEF-Discussion Papers on Development Policy No. 272. University of Bonn. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3368103

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15 FAO & AUC. 2018. Sustainable agricultural mechanization: A framework for Africa. Addis Ababa. www.fao.org/3/CA1136EN/ca1136en.pdf

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19 Ahmed, M. & Takeshima, H. 2020. Evolution of agricultural mechanization in Bangladesh: The case of tractors for land preparation. In: X. Diao, H. Takeshima & X. Zhang, eds. An evolving paradigm of agricultural mechanization development: How much can Africa learn from Asia? pp. 235–261. Washington, DC, IFPRI. https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896293809_07

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第5章

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2 Klerkx, L. & Rose, D. 2020. Dealing with the game-changing technologies of Agriculture 4.0: How do we manage diversity and responsibility in food system transition pathways? Global Food Security, 24: 100347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.100347

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5 Daum, T. & Birner, R. 2017. The neglected governance challenges of agricultural mechanisation in Africa – insights from Ghana. Food Security, 9(5): 959–979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-017-0716-9

6 Cramb, R. & Thepent, V. 2020. Evolution of agricultural mechanization in Thailand. In: X. Diao, H. Takeshima & X. Zhang, eds. An evolving paradigm of agricultural mechanization development: How much can Africa learn from Asia? pp. 165–201. Washington, DC, IFPRI. https://ebrary.ifpri.org/utils/getfile/collection/p15738coll2/id/134091/filename/134311.pdf

7 Justice, S. & Biggs, S. 2020. The spread of smaller engines and markets in machinery services in rural areas of South Asia. Journal of Rural Studies, 73: 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.11.013

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11 European Commission. 2020. Facing the challenges of broadband deployment in rural and remote areas: A handbook for project promoters and policy makers. www.byanatsforum.se/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Broadband-handbook-2020pdf.pdf

12 Van Loon, J., Woltering, L., Krupnik, T.J., Baudron, F., Boa, M. & Govaerts, B. 2020. Scaling agricultural mechanization services in smallholder farming systems: Case studies from sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Latin America. Agricultural Systems, 180: 102792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102792

13 Diao, X., Takeshima, H. & Zhang, X. 2020. An evolving paradigm of agricultural mechanization development: How much can Africa learn from Asia? Washington, DC, IFPRI. https://ebrary.ifpri.org/digital/collection/p15738coll2/id/134095

14 Kwet, M. 2019. Digital colonialism is threatening the Global South. In: Aljazeera. Cited 25 July 2022. www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/3/13/digital-colonialism-is-threatening-the-global-south

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17 Smart Africa. 2022. AgriTech blueprint for Africa. https://smart.africa/board/login/uploads/71613-continental-agritech-blueprint-eng.pdf

18 FAO & ITU. 2017. E-agriculture strategy guide: A summary. Bangkok. www.fao.org/3/i6909e/i6909e.pdf

19 Ströh de Martínez, C., Feddersen, M. & Speicher, A. 2016. Food security in sub-Saharan Africa: A fresh look on agricultural mechanisation. How adapted financial solutions can make a difference. Studies No. 91. Bonn, Germany, German Development Institute. www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/Study_91.pdf

20 Bhattarai, M., Singh, G., Takeshima, H. & Shekhawat, R.S. 2020. Farm machinery use and the agricultural machinery industries in India. In: X. Diao, H. Takeshima & X. Zhang, eds. An evolving paradigm of agricultural mechanization development: How much can Africa learn from Asia? pp. 97–138. Washington, DC, IFPRI. https://ebrary.ifpri.org/digital/collection/p15738coll2/id/134090

21 FAO & AUC. 2018. Sustainable agricultural mechanization: A framework for Africa. Addis Ababa. www.fao.org/3/CA1136EN/ca1136en.pdf

22 Ceccarelli, T., Chauhan, A., Rambaldi, G., Kumar, I., Cappello, C., Janssen, S. & McCampbell, M. 2022. Leveraging automation and digitalization for precision agriculture: Evidence from the case studies. Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2022. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Study No. 24. Rome, FAO.

23 Win, M.T., Belton, B. & Zhang, X. 2020. Myanmar’s rapid agricultural mechanization: Demand and supply evidence. In: X. Diao, H. Takeshima & X. Zhang, eds. An evolving paradigm of agricultural mechanization development: How much can Africa learn from Asia? pp. 263–284. Washington, DC, IFPRI. https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896293809_08

24 Meyer, R. 2011. Subsidies as an instrument in agriculture finance: A review. Washington, DC, World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/12696/707300ESW0P1120ies0as0an0Instrument.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

25 Houssou, N., Diao, X., Cossar, F., Kolavalli, S., Jimah, K. & Aboagye, P.O. 2013. Agricultural mechanization in Ghana: Is specialization in agricultural mechanization a viable business model? American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 95(5): 1237–1244 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aat026

26 Daum, T., Huffman, W. & Birner, R. 2018. How to create conducive institutions to enable agricultural mechanization: A comparative historical study from the United States and Germany. Economics Working Paper. Ames, USA, Department of Economics, Iowa State University. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/econ_workingpapers/47

27 Grain Producers Australia (GPA), Tractor and Machinery Association (TMA) & Society of Precision Agriculture Australia (SPAA). 2021. Code of practice. Agricultural Mobile Field Machinery with Autonomous Functions in Australia. www.graincentral.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Code-of-Practice.pdf

28 Lowenberg-DeBoer, J., Behrendt, K., Ehlers, M.-H., Dillon, C., Gabriel, A., Huang, I.Y., Kumwenda, I. et al. 2021. Lessons to be learned in adoption of autonomous equipment for field crops. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 44(2): 848–864. https://doi.org/10.1002/aepp.13177

29 Justice, S., Flores Rojas, M. & Basnyat, M. 2022. Empowering women farmers – A mechanization catalogue for practitioners. Rome, FAO. www.fao.org/3/cb8681en/cb8681en.pdf

30 Flores Rojas, M. 2018. Gender sensitive labour saving technology. Drum seeder: saving time, effort and money. A case study from the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Bangkok, FAO. www.fao.org/3/i9464en/i9464en.pdf

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33 McCampbell, M. 2022. Agricultural digitalization and automation in low- and middle-income countries: Evidence from ten case studies. Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2022. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Study No. 25. Rome, FAO.

34 Northrup, D.L., Basso, B., Wang, M.Q., Morgan, C.L.S. & Benfey, P.N. 2021. Novel technologies for emission reduction complement conservation agriculture to achieve negative emissions from row–crop production. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(28): e2022666118.

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36 Jaleta, M., Baudron, F., Krivokapic-Skoko, B. & Erenstein, O. 2019. Agricultural mechanization and reduced tillage: antagonism or synergy? International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 17(3): 219–230. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735903.2019.1613742

37 Giller, K.E., Witter, E., Corbeels, M. & Tittonell, P. 2009. Conservation agriculture and smallholder farming in Africa: The heretics’ view. Field Crops Research, 114(1): 23–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.06.017

38 Baudron, F., Nazare, R. & Matangi, D. 2019. The role of mechanization in transformation of smallholder agriculture in Southern Africa: Experience from Zimbabwe. In: R. Sikora, E. Terry, P. Vlek & J. Chitja, eds. Transforming agriculture in Southern Africa, pp. 152–159. London, Routledge. www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9780429401701-21/role-mechanization-transformation-smallholder-agriculture-southern-africa-fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric-baudron-raymond-nazare-dorcas-matangi

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41 Torero, M. 2019. Robotics and AI in food security and innovation: Why they matter and how to harness their power. In: J. von Braun, M.S. Archer, G.M. Reichberg & M. Sánchez Sorondo, eds. Robotics, AI, and humanity: Science, ethics, and policy, pp. 99–107. Springer.

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49 Bhattacharyya, T., Wani, S.P. & Tiwary, P. 2021. Empowerment of stakeholders for scaling-up: digital technologies for agricultural extension. In: S.P. Wani, K.V. Raju & T. Bhattacharyya, eds. Scaling-up solutions for farmers, pp. 121–147. Cham, Springer International Publishing. https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-77935-1_3

附件1

1 McCampbell, M. 2022. Agricultural digitalization and automation in low- and middle-income countries: Evidence from ten case studies. Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2022. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Study No. 25. Rome, FAO.

2 Ceccarelli, T., Chauhan, A., Rambaldi, G., Kumar, I., Cappello, C., Janssen, S. & McCampbell, M. 2022. Leveraging automation and digitalization for precision agriculture: Evidence from the case studies. Background paper for The State of Food and Agriculture 2022. FAO Agricultural Development Economics Technical Study No. 24. Rome, FAO.