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农药

对食品需求的增长迫使生产者以最有效的方式保持其家畜和作物的质量。这可能涉及农药的使用。在作物上使用这些产品,有可能通过动物饲养或作物加工过程中的残留物,而将消费者暴露于有害的化学物质。限制这些残留物的最大残留限量以确保食物可供安全食用。

 

食品法典在农药中的作用

为了保护消费者的健康,大多数国家对食品中的农药残留物都规定了法定最大限量。国家间的限量差异有可能导致贸易困难。

农药残留法典委员会(CCPR) 负责为国际贸易中特定食品或特定类别的食品或饲料农药残留物制定法典最大残留限量。

在制定法典最大残留限量前,必须进行人体健康风险评估,以确保食品供应安全。粮农组织/世卫组织农药残留联席会议(JMPR) 世卫组织农药残留联席会议负责审查主要从规范试验中获得的 适当毒理学和数据,这些试验根据“良好农业规范”使用农药。粮农组织/世卫组织农药残留联席会议进行膳食风险评估,并向法典委员会建议特定的最大残留限量。

对于拟由粮农组织/世卫组织农药残留联席会议审议的化学品或商品,必须首先由农药残留法典委员会优先重点电子工作组的成员国提名。

相关食典文本

索引 标题 委員 最新修订
EN
FR
ES
AR
ZH
RU
CXG 33-1999国际食品法典 农药最大残留限量符合性测定的推荐取样方法 CCPR1999
CXG 40-1993农药残留分析良好实验室规范指南CCPR2010
CXG 84-2012Principles and Guidance on the Selection of Representative Commodities for the Extrapolation of Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides to Commodity GroupsCCPR2017
CXG 90-2017食品和饲料中农药残留测定分析方法性能标准指南CCPR2017
CXG 97-2022公共健康影响较低、可豁免设定最大残留限量或不产生残留的活性物质 或活性物质授权用途判定准则 CCPR2022

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关键事实

  • 食品法典规定了食品和饲料作物中农药的最大残留限量,以提供食品安全标准和促进国际贸易。粮农组织和世卫组织还制定了农药规格,以确定农药质量标准,保护消费者和环境免受不合格产品的危害。
  • 食品法典已经制定了超过 4300项最大残留限量,涵盖近200 种农药。
  • 粮农组织倡导将病虫害综合治理(IPM)作为病虫害管理的首选方法。
  • 粮农组织和世卫组织鼓励执行 《国际农药管理行为守则》

农药立法和标签

Harry Van der Wulp解释了如何通过更新关于农药立法的准则,以强调农药管理不仅影响农业,还涉及卫生和环境部。

资源

粮农组织/世卫组织农药残留联席会议 (JMPR)

世卫组织:食品安全和化学品风险(更多)